Toyota Motor Corporation – from history to modern times
The story of the history of Japanese Toyota cars should perhaps begin with the event when, in 1982, the sales company and the production company (previously separate divisions) merged into a single corporation, Toyota Motor Corporation. At the same time, the concern established itself on the market as the largest manufacturer of Japanese cars, and ranks 3rd in the world in terms of production volumes.
In 1983, Toyota signed an agreement with General Motors and began joint production of cars in the United States. At the same time, the Lexus division was founded, which became Toyota's representative in the high-class car market.
In 1988, the Toyota-Shibetsu testing ground was built, and two years earlier the fifty millionth Toyota car was produced.
In 1990, the first authorized Toyota service station in the Soviet Union and the first design center, Tokyo Design Center, opened. The company continues to develop, its research base is expanding.
Toyota System Research Inc., Toyota Soft Engineering Inc. are opened together with Fujitsu Ltd. - together with Nihon Unisys, Ltd., and), Toyota System International Inc. - paired with IBM Japan Ltd. and Toshiba Corp.
In addition, in the 90s, Toyota opened its Training Center in Vladivostok, and a few years later a similar center appeared in Moscow. In 1995, the company's management signed agreements with Hino and Daihatsu, and three years later it completely absorbed Daihatsu.
In 1998, the company began producing Toyota Avensis and Land Cruiser jeeps, thus continuing its global “expansion”.
In 2002, Toyota took part in Formula 1 racing. And in July 2006, a new branch of the company, “Toyota Motor,” was opened, this time in Russia, near St. Petersburg. It is expected that the plant will produce 50 thousand cars annually, and the first Toyota Camry will roll off the assembly line in December of this year.
In response to the growing public campaign to protect the environment, special attention has been paid to the production of a new generation of environmentally friendly cars. In addition, a number of models with hybrid engines were released: Prius, Coaster and RAV4.
Today Toyota is one of the largest car manufacturers. In 2006-2007, the concern's net profit amounted to $13.71 billion. The numbers speak for themselves. The most popular models are Camry (the production of which was launched back in the 80s) and Corolla, which basically provided such a high income.
The company's total output is 5.5 million cars per year, which means that every 6 seconds one new car rolls off the assembly line under the world-famous TOYOTA brand.
Source: http://www.Avto-Life.com/toyota-motor-corporation-ot-istorii-do-sovremennosti.html
Toyota Corolla 1.6 engine device, timing, characteristics
The Toyota Corolla 1.6 liter engine is one of the most popular and successful engines in the Toyota Corolla. The engine model according to the manufacturer’s internal classification is 1ZR-FE.
This is a naturally aspirated gasoline, 4-cylinder, 16-valve engine with a timing chain drive and an aluminum cylinder block. Toyota designers tried to make sure that the consumer did not look under the hood at all. The engine life and reliability of the power unit are very decent.
The main thing here is to change the oil on time and pour high-quality fuel.
Toyota Corolla 1.6 engine design
The Toyota Corolla 1.6 engine incorporates all the best developments of previous generations of engines from the Japanese manufacturer.
The engine has an advanced Dual VVT-i variable valve timing system, a Valvematic valve lift system, and the intake tract has a special design that allows you to change the air flow rate. All these technologies have made the engine the most efficient power unit.
Toyota Corolla 1.6 engine cylinder head
The cylinder head is a pastel for two camshafts with “wells” in the center for the spark plugs. The valves are arranged in a V-shape. A special feature of this engine is the presence of hydraulic compensators.
That is, you won’t have to adjust the valve clearance again. The only problem is associated with the use of low-quality oil, in which case the channels may become clogged and the hydraulic compensators will cease to perform their function.
In this case, a characteristic unpleasant sound will come from under the valve cover.
Timing drive for Toyota Corolla 1.6 engine
Toyota designers and engineers decided to make the engine chain drive as simple as possible, without all kinds of intermediate shafts, additional tensioners, and dampers. In addition to the crankshaft sprockets and camshafts, only the tensioner shoe, the tensioner itself and the damper are involved in the timing drive. The timing diagram is just below.
To ensure proper alignment of all timing marks, the chain itself has links painted yellow-orange. When installing, it is enough to align the marks on the camshaft and crankshaft sprockets with the painted chain plates.
Technical characteristics of the Toyota Corolla 1.6 engine
- Working volume – 1598 cm3
- Number of cylinders – 4
- Number of valves – 16
- Cylinder diameter – 80.5 mm
- Piston stroke – 78.5 mm
- Timing drive - chain
- Power hp (kW) – 122 (90) at 6000 rpm. per minute
- Torque – 157 Nm at 5200 rpm. per minute
- Maximum speed – 195 km/h
- Acceleration to the first hundred – 10.5 seconds
- Fuel type – gasoline AI-95
- Fuel consumption in the city – 8.7 liters
- Fuel consumption in the combined cycle – 6.6 liters
- Fuel consumption on the highway – 5.4 liters
In addition to timely replacement of high-quality oil, carefully monitor what you fuel your car with. If you don’t pour anything into the engine, the engine will please you for many years.
In practice, the service life is up to 400 thousand kilometers. True, there are no repair dimensions for the piston group. Perhaps another weak point is sudden temperature changes. If you overheat the engine, the cylinder head or even the block may be deformed, and this is a significant financial loss. The 1ZR-FE engine was installed on almost all Corollas 1.
6 liter (and other Toyota models) produced since 2006-2007.
Source: http://gifka.net/2017/03/dvigatel-tojota-korolla-1-6-ustrojstvo-grm-xarakteristiki/
Toyota Corolla Forum
Engine operation (and everything on it), problems, repairs and spare parts
Das istHonored Korollovod Messages: 5049 Registered: Jan 16, 2013, 09:40 Car: corolla2007 Thanked: 2 times Thanked: 18 times
#1
Post by Das ist » April 10, 2016, 07:55
Many have heard alphanumeric combinations: 3S-FE, 2L-TE, SR20DE, EJ20, etc., but do not know what this means. But by the name of Japanese engines you can learn a lot of valuable information. We hope that this article will help you become, if not experts, then more enlightened people in this matter.
The names of Toyota engines are quite informative, second only to Nissan engines in this regard. So, the first character in the names of TOYOTA engines is a number intended to determine the serial number of the engine in the series. The second symbol tells us about the motor series (letter designation (can also be two-letter)).
As a rule, this part of the engine designation is written in the data sheet. Let's consider an example regarding engine series, the S engine series, the 3S-FE and 4S-FE engines are structurally the same (not absolutely, but very similar), they differ only in displacement and, if desired, they can even be swap.
Similar to 1AZ - 2AZ (two-letter markings appeared on engine series that appeared after 1990), 2L - 3L (single-letter markings tell us that the series appeared before 1990), 1ZZ - 2ZZ, etc.
Moreover, there is no need to link the volume to the first number, according to the principle, the larger the engine capacity, the larger the number and vice versa, rather, a smaller number means an earlier year of development and nothing more. Do not confuse the year of production of a specific engine model with the year of production of a new series.
The 3S-FSE, 5S-FE, 3C-TE, 2C-E (and many others) engines were developed after 1990, but since they belong to the old S and C series, they have one letter before the dash. But there are not a single representative of the JZ, AZ, KZ, ZZ and other series with the letter Z in the name before 1990.
The name of the three-liter diesel engine 1KZ-TE (developed in 1993) is somewhat unusual, because its successor 1KD-FTV (also a three-liter diesel engine, but developed in 1996) has the letter D in its name. Presumably, since 1996, TOYOTA decided to use the letter D (Diesel) for the names of diesel engines, and the letter Z for gasoline engines.
The letters following the dash indicate the design features of the engine, primarily the type of power supply and timing type. The first letter (or its absence) after the dash indicates the features of the cylinder head and the “degree of boost” of the engine.
If this is the letter F, then this is a standard power engine with 4 valves per cylinder and two camshafts in the cylinder head, the so-called High Efficiency Twincam Engine. In such engines, only one of the camshafts is driven by a belt or chain, while the second is driven from the first through a gear (engines with a so-called “narrow” cylinder head).
4A-FE, 1G-FE, 3E-FE, 3S-FE, etc. If the first letter after the dash is the letter G, then this engine is forced (also two camshafts in the cylinder head), on each of the camshafts there is a gear that has its own drive from the timing belt (chain). TOYOTA calls these engines High Performance Engine (engines with a “wide” cylinder head).
All engines with the letter G are gasoline and only with electronic fuel injection, quite often with turbocharging or charger. Examples: 4A-GE (maximum speed 8000 rpm), 3S-GE (maximum speed 7000 rpm), 1ZZ-GE. Engines with the letters F and G may belong to the same series (for example, 3S-FE and 3S-GE).
Based on this, we can say that they are developed on the same basis (cylinder diameter, piston stroke (but not the piston) and much more are the same), but the designs of cylinder heads, timing belts and other engine elements differ. The absence of the letters F or G after the dash means that the engine has only one intake and one exhaust valve per cylinder.
1G-E, 2C, 3A-L, 3L, 1HZ, 3VZ-E (and the camshaft will not necessarily be located in the cylinder head) The second after the dash (or the first, if the engine has two valves per cylinder) is a letter carrying information about the features of the engine: T – available for all turbocharged engines (not to be confused with a charger): 1G-GTE, 3S-GTE, 4E-FTE, 2L-TE.
S – engine with direct fuel injection (developed after 1996): 3S-FSE, 1JZ-FSE, 1AZ-FSE.Х – engine, which is a hybrid power plant type, usually working in tandem with one or more electric motors.
1NZ-FXE, 2AZ-FXEP – engine designed to run on liquefied gas (LPG (Liquefied Petrol Gas)): 15B-FPE, 1BZ-FPE, 3Y-PEN – engine designed to run on compressed gas: 15B-FNE, 1BZ-FNE.
H - special fuel injection system, from some sources with variable intake manifold geometry (brand designation: EFI-D): 5E-FHE, 4A-FHE Third after the dash (or first - second if the engine has two valves per cylinder and (or) does not belong to the category of engines with the letters T, S, N, X, P, H in the name after the dash) there is a letter carrying information about the method of mixture formation: E - engine with multi-point electronic injection (EFI); for diesel engines this means that they are equipped with an electronically controlled high-pressure fuel pump (HPF): 4A-FE (petrol), 1JZ-FSE (petrol), 3C-TE (diesel).i - engine with single-point (mono-injection) electronic injection (Ci - Central injector): 4S-Fi, 1S-FiV - only available on diesel engines 1KD-FTV, 2KD-FTV, 1CD-FTV, apparently denotes a Common Rail type power system (direct injection of diesel fuel). If there are no letters E, i, V after the dash, then it is either a carburetor gasoline engine or a diesel engine with a conventional (mechanical) injection pump: 4A-F (carburetor engine, dual camshaft); 3С-T (diesel with a mechanical injection pump) Quite old TOYOTA petrol engines (developed before 1988) may have the letters U, L, C, B, Z after the dash: 1G-EU, 1S-U, 2E-L, 3A-LUL – transverse engine arrangement (3A-LU) or even transversal for MR2U – reduced toxicity (for Japan) (+ catalyst) C – reduced toxicity (for California) (+ catalyst) B – Twin Carb – two carburetors (obsolete code) Z – SuperCharger (mechanical supercharger): example: 1G-GZE, 4A-GZE Examples of TOYOTA engine names: 4A-FE - gasoline engine with 4 valves per cylinder and a “narrow” cylinder head, standard power range, with multi-point electronic fuel injection. 3C -T – diesel engine with 2 valves per cylinder, turbocharging and conventional (mechanically controlled) injection pump. 1JZ-GTE – gasoline engine with 4 valves per cylinder, “wide” cylinder head, turbocharging and multi-point electronic fuel injection.
completely here about other Japanese manufacturers.
ManGustModerator Messages: 6444 Registered: March 29, 2013, 09:00 Car: Toyota Corolla 2012/1G3/Elegance/Automatic Location: Samara Thanked: 132 times Thanked: 147 times
#2
Post by ManGust » April 10, 2016, 11:41 am
I’ll add a little on the topic, closer to our modern engines.
ZR Series. Engines 1ZR-FE, 2ZR-FE, 3ZR-FE, 4ZR-FE: The ZR series was introduced in 2007 by Toyota Motor Corporation.
All ZR series engines are 4-cylinder in-line engines equipped with a 16-valve DOHC gas distribution system with 4 valves per cylinder. Engine block is cast. The entire ZR series can be divided into three engines of 1.6 liters, 1.8 liters and 2.0 liters.
All engines are equipped with a proprietary gas distribution system Dual VVT-i, which, depending on engine operating conditions, regulates the opening time of both intake and exhaust valves.
For the first time in history, Toyota installed the Valvematic system on the ZR series; these were Toyota NOAH and Toyota Voxy in 2007 and Toyota Avensis in 2009.
Engine 1ZR-FE:
The 1ZR-FE engine has the smallest cylinder displacement of 1.6 l (1598 cc). Like all engines of the ZR series, it is equipped with a 16-valve gas distribution system and a Dual VVT-i variable valve timing system on both camshafts. The 1ZR-FE is equipped with a 4-speed automatic transmission or a 5-speed manual transmission.
Although, optionally you can find a 6-speed automatic transmission or a 4-speed automatic transmission (Multi-Mode) on the Toyota Corolla Altis. The cylinder diameter is 80.5 mm and the piston stroke is 78.5 mm. The compression ratio is 10.2:1. The power of the 1ZR-FE engine is relatively high per unit volume and amounts to 124 hp. at 6000 rpm and 157 Nm at 5200 rpm.
The engine was installed on cars:
Toyota Auris (ZRE151, Europe)Toyota Corolla (ZRE151, Europe)Toyota Corolla (Middle East, 121 hp)Toyota Corolla Altis (Facelift, Asia)
Engine 1ZR-FAE:
The 1ZR-FAE engine is similar to the 1ZR-FE engine, except that it is equipped with the latest Valvematic system, which, depending on engine operating conditions, will dynamically change the valve lift from 1 mm to 11 mm.
The physical compression ratio was also slightly increased to 10.7:1. All this made it possible to increase engine power to 130 hp. at 6400 rpm and 160 Nm at 4400 rpm. The so-called “redline” has increased to 6600 rpm.
The engine was installed on cars:
Toyota Auris (ZRE151, Europe)Toyota Avensis (ZRT270)Toyota Verso (ZGR20)Lotus Elise
Engine 2ZR-FE:
The 2ZR-FE engine is the middle brother in the ZR series. Its cylinder displacement is 1.8 liters (1797 cc). The engine architecture is similar to its younger brother 1ZR-FE and is also equipped with a Dual VVT-i gas distribution system.
This engine was intended to replace the 1ZZ-FE engine in most Toyota vehicles. Engine power 2ZR-FE is 132-134 hp. at 6000 rpm and 174 Nm at 4400 rpm. The cylinder bore is 80.5 mm and the piston stroke is 88.3 mm. Compression ratio 10:1.
The weight of the “dry” engine is 97 kg.
The engine was installed on cars:
Toyota Allion (ZRT260/265, 2007-2009)Toyota Premio (ZRT260/265, 2007-2009)Toyota Corolla (ZRE142/152)Toyota Auris (ZRE152/154)Toyota Yaris (ZSP90, Europe)Toyota Matrix / Pontiac Vibe (ZRE142) , USA)Scion XD (ZSP110)
Engine 2ZR-FAE:
The 2ZR-FAE engine is similar to the 2ZR-FE engine, the difference lies in the installation of the latest Valvematic system, which, depending on the operating conditions of the engine, dynamically changes the valve lift from 1 mm to 11 mm. The compression ratio was also increased to 10.5:1. He gradually replaced 1ZZ-FED and 2ZR-FE from the market.
The 2ZR-FAE engine is slightly more economical than the 2ZR-FE engine by 5 to 10%. Engine power 2ZR-FAE is 143-150 hp. at 6600 rpm and 173-179 N m at 4400 rpm. The difference in power ratings depends on the vehicle on which the engine is installed, this is due to different settings of the engine control unit (ECU).
The engine was installed on cars:
Toyota Auris (ZRE152, Europe and Japan)Toyota Avensis (ZRT271)Toyota Corolla Axio (ZRE142/144, Japan)Toyota Corolla Fielder (ZRE142/144, Japan)Toyota Corolla Rumion (ZRE152/154, Japan)Toyota IST (ZSP110, Japan) )Toyota Wish (ZGE20/25)Toyota Verso (ZGR21)Toyota Allion (ZRT260/265, 2010-present)Toyota Premio (ZRT260/265, 2010-present)
Engine 2ZR-FXE:
The 2ZR-FXE engine is a special version of the 2ZR-FE engine designed to power hybrid vehicles. It works according to the Atkinson cycle. The engine has the same bore and stroke as the 2ZR-FE, but has an increased physical compression ratio of 13:1. The valve overlap time is higher than that of the base engine.
All this together makes the engine more efficient in terms of fuel efficiency, but reduces power output, and makes it suitable for use with hybrid systems. Engine power is 98 hp. at 5200 rpm and 142 Nm at 4000 rpm.
The engine was installed on cars:
Lexus CT200h (2011)Toyota Auris Hybrid (2010)Toyota Prius (ZVW30, 2010)
Engine 3ZR-FE:
The 3ZR-FE engine is the older brother in the ZR series, the cylinder displacement is 2 liters (1986 cc). Like all engines in the series, it is equipped with the Dual VVT-i system. In 2010, a version of the engine running on ethanol, the so-called FFV (Flex Fuel Vehicle), was introduced specifically for Brazil. Its power is 152 hp.
Specifications:
Engine type: in-line 4-cylinder DOHC, 16 valve Bore and stroke: 80.5 mm and 97.6 mm Physical compression ratio: 10.0:1 Power: 143 hp at 5600 rpm Torque: 194 N m at 3900 rpm Fuel consumption: 13.4 l/100 km (in cycle 10-15 for Toyota Voxy, Toyota Noah)
The engine was installed on cars:
2007 Toyota Voxy (ZRR70/75, 2007)2007 Toyota Noah (ZRR70/75, 2007)Toyota Avensis (ZRT272, Europe)2009 Toyota Corolla Altis (ZRE143, Japan)
Engine 3ZR-FAE:
The 3ZR-FAE engine is similar to the 3ZR-FE engine, with the exception of the installed Valvematic system, which, depending on engine operating conditions, will dynamically change the valve lift from 1 mm to 11 mm.
Specifications:
Engine type: in-line 4-cylinder DOHC, 16 valve Bore and stroke: 80.5 mm and 97.6 mm Physical compression ratio: 10.0:1 Power: 155 hp at 6200 rpm Torque: 195 Nm at 4400 rpm Fuel consumption: 14.2 l/100 km (in the 10-15 cycle) CO emissions: 164 g/km
The engine was installed on cars:
Toyota Allion (ZRT261)Toyota Premio (ZRT261)Toyota RAV4 (ZSA30/35, Europe)Toyota Avensis (ZRT272)Toyota Wish (ZGE21/22)Toyota Voxy (ZRR70/75)Toyota Noah (ZRR70/75)
Engine 4ZR-FE:
The working volume of the cylinders is 1.6 liters. The block is entirely made of aluminum alloy. The engine is produced in factories in China for the domestic Chinese market. Engine power is 117 hp. at 6000 rpm and 150 Nm at 4400 rpm.
The engine was installed on cars:
Toyota Corolla EX (ZRE120, China)Toyota Yaris (ZSP91, China)Toyota Vios (ZSP92, China)
source
ilunkaHonored King Leader Messages: 419 Registered: April 20, 2013, 01:48 Car: Alabaster carriage (Corolla E150, 4 automatic transmission) Location: Saratov Thanked: 4 times Thanked: 1 time
#3
Post by ilunka » Aug 30, 2016, 11:37 am
What does this mean? The Japanese have deprived us of such a box?exxittusHonorary Korollovod Messages: 4555 Registered: 18 Jan 2013, 15:46 Car: Corolla,2010,6MT 132hp/1ZR-FAE/Valvematic
Avensis,2002, 2l/149hp/1AZ- FSE(D4) Location: Cologne, Germany Thanked: 7 times
#6
Post by exxittus » Aug 31, 2016 11:42 am
There is doubt that the above information is acc. reality. What does “can be found” mean? Is it mushrooms and berries? 4-speed MMT?? For an engine with a speed range of 1000-6000 rpm? Come on? What specific model is equipped with the 1ZR-F(A)E + 6-speed automatic transmission?
Manual 6st. – I have a gearbox, but a six-speed automatic... no, I don’t know
Go
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Source: http://tc-club.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2990
Car of the world: the history of Toyota Corolla
Over its half-century history, Toyota Corolla has sold more than 44 million copies around the world. This is one of the most recognizable names in the automotive world in all corners of the planet.
Despite the many different versions and derivative models, the main name - Corolla - has always remained the same.
It is precisely because the manufacturer did not waste its efforts on rebranding and changing its image that the name has earned such fame.
Toyota Corolla (1966-1970)
The first generation (E10 body) was introduced in the fall of 1966. The car was offered in a wide range of different versions. Buyers were offered two- and four-door sedans, a two-door coupe and an unusual three-door station wagon.
The basic transmission was a 4-speed manual, and a two-speed automatic was available as an option. The drive was on the rear axle.
Nowadays this is exotic even on large premium sedans, but then it was the order of the day even on compact and subcompact cars.
Initially, it was planned to equip the Corolla with an engine with a displacement of up to one liter, so that buyers would receive tax benefits. But a few months before Toyota debuted, Datsun (now Nissan) presented a car from the same segment.
His model “1000” had just a liter engine, and Toyota decided to outdo its competitors. Corolla received a 1.1-liter in-line “four,” and this superiority of one hundred “cubes” was even used in the advertising campaign. The power of the modest-sized engine, by the way, was not bad: 60 or 73 hp.
depending on the execution. Later, the car began to be equipped with a 1.2 engine with output of 65 or 78 “horses”.
Almost immediately after the start of production of the Corolla, the export of the model to Australia began - in November 1966. And in March 1968, shipments to the USA began. By the way, in Japan the car was sold through a separate dealer network, Toyota Corolla Store.
For Toyota, this is a long-standing and still existing tradition: to have several networks in their homeland, differing in the range of models presented in them.
They did not create a separate one for the Corolla, but renamed the Toyota Publica Store, which had existed since 1961 and was launched, as you might guess, for the Publica model.
Toyota Corolla (1970-1974)
The Toyota Corolla E20 debuted just four years later, in 1970. The design has become more modern, but overall has not changed too much. An interesting detail: in the first generation, the fastback bore the name Toyota Corolla Sprinter, but was sold not through the Corolla dealer network, but through another - Toyota Auto Store.
In the second generation, the manufacturer admitted the incorrectness, promised Corolla dealers exclusive rights to the name, but did not stop producing the Sprinter package.
Now it was just a Toyota Sprinter, still sold in other showrooms and differing from the “original” Corolla only in a few finishing nuances.
The second generation provided an even greater choice of body type. Those already mentioned are joined by a classic five-door station wagon, as well as a van, three- and five-door.
A 5-speed manual and 3-speed automatic transmission appeared, and the engines became more serious. The base 1.2-liter developed from 68 to 77 hp, and 1 engines were offered as an option.
4 and 1.6 with recoil up to 115 forces.
Toyota Corolla (1974-1979)
Since August 1974, the third generation of the model has been on the market. The Corolla was designated E30 before restyling and E50 after, and the related Sprinter was designated E40 and E60, respectively. The body design has once again been rounded, and the choice of modifications for consumers has expanded.
Eight body styles, four gearboxes and eight different engines ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 liters were offered. The power range has increased in both directions - from 55 to 124 hp. Officially, in most markets, the generation change occurred in 1979, but the “third” Corolla remained on the assembly line until mid-1981.
It was offered in some countries as a more affordable alternative to the new model.
Toyota Corolla (1979-1983)
The end of the 1970s left a noticeable imprint on the appearance of the compact Toyota (index E70). Pronounced angles began to dominate the exterior and interior, and the headlights became rectangular. In February 1983, the millionth Corolla rolled off the assembly line, the release of which the auto giant celebrated with a limited edition of the One Million Edition, available on the home market.
Among the available engines, a diesel engine (1.8 liters, 65 hp) and an injection gasoline unit (1.6 liters, 115 hp) appeared for the first time. On the fourth generation Corolla, the K- and T-series engines ended their careers, later giving way under the hood to the A-series engines. Note that power steering appeared for the first time on this generation.
Toyota Corolla (1983-1987)
The Toyota Corolla in the E80 body appeared on the market in 1983 and completed the revolution outlined by its predecessor: the model switched to a front-wheel drive chassis. It is interesting that the station wagon and van did not change generations and lived on the assembly line in the old body and rear-wheel drive version until the end of the career of the “eightieth” Corolla in 1987.
The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno versions also remain with rear-wheel drive. Several gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection have already appeared in the lineup, and the 1.8-liter diesel engine has acquired a mechanical injector.
A four-speed manual transmission was no longer offered, but a three-speed automatic was still available on some versions.
Toyota Corolla (1987-1991)
Toyota Corolla (1991-1995)
In the sixth generation (E90 body), the Toyota Corolla acquired a streamlined design in the spirit of the times and new options - an engine with a mechanical supercharger and an all-wheel drive transmission. This and the next generation (E100) were produced for four years, without interrupting the company's tradition.
Toyota Corolla (1995-2000)
The Corolla in the E110 body, belonging to the eighth generation, was produced from 1995 to 2000. If the cars for the Japanese, American and Asian markets were different from each other, but were designed similarly, very restrainedly, then Toyota decided to experiment with the version for Europeans and Australians.
Pre-styling cars were distinguished by a very bold front end with round headlights and separate turn indicators. The 1999 restyling made the design a little calmer, but the cars were still noticeably different from those offered on other continents.
However, this did not stop the model from continuing to gain momentum and become more and more popular.
Toyota Corolla (2000-2006)
Toyota Corolla (2006-2012)
Models of the ninth (E120 body, produced 2000-2006) and tenth (E140 body, produced 2006-2012) generations are quite familiar to Russians. A sufficient number of them were sold through official dealers, because their career occurred during the years of active growth of our market.
Toyota Corolla (2012-present)
The current generation (E160) was introduced in 2012 in Japan and in 2013 in other markets. Recently, the model underwent a planned restyling and became available at dealers.
But, alas, the golf class in our market is rapidly declining, and customers are reorienting themselves either to more affordable cars from the B-segment or to crossovers. So the Corolla is not in danger of ranking high in the sales statistics in Russia. Another interesting fact.
The fashion for downsizing has not yet affected the model: Corolla, as in ancient times, is equipped with naturally aspirated gasoline engines with a volume of 1.3 to 2.0 liters.
Source: http://CarClub.ru/articles/avtomobil_mira_istoriya_toyota_corolla.html
History of the creation of Toyota
Today in the world it is difficult to find a person who has not heard the name “Toyota”. And this is not surprising. More than a hundred years have passed since the head of the Toyoda family, Sakishi Toyoda, began developing his first weaving loom. This moment became a turning point both for the family and for all of Japan.
Today Toyota is a world famous company
Sakishi Toyoda was born on February 14, 1867 in Shizuoka Prefecture. In accordance with the way of life of the Japanese of that time, he inherited carpentry, for which he did not have much love. But, as they say, if you have a desire to develop, then ideas will not keep you waiting. Sakishi decided to devote himself entirely to improving looms.
An important feature of Sakishi's approach was that he learned through trial and error. Thus, he was able to learn the whole underside of the business in which he was engaged.
He was convinced that the industry of Japan at that time needed continuous development.
These beliefs led him to create his future company according to the philosophy of “Kaizen”, which translated means “the continuous path to excellence.”
In 1894, Sakishi gave birth to a son, who was named Kiishiro. If only he had known at that moment how big his business would grow...
Already in 1924, together with his son Sakishi, he created a fully automated loom, and a couple of years later the first stone was laid in the construction of a future multi-billion dollar corporation - Toyoda Automatic Loom Works was born. This small company producing automated looms will forever remain in history as the “mother” of today's Toyota.
Change of course for car production
The money Sakishi received from selling the patent rights to his automatic looms was subsequently given to the young Kiishiro. The father bequeathed to his son not only to continue the business, but also to transform it into an enterprise for creating cars.
Sakishi firmly believed that many years later people would not be able to live without cars. Unfortunately, not many people supported his idea.
But this did not stop Kiishiro from using the proceeds from the sale of the patent to stock up on “foreign” cars, disassemble them for spare parts and study automotive engineering.
The young automaker enlists the support of the board of directors of his father's company and in 1931 begins researching American-made engines with the goal of creating the ideal engine for Japanese society. Kiishiro, like his father, recognized only practice - through numerous breakdowns and failures, the search for optimal solutions was carried out.
And 1933 in the history of the company was marked by the birth of a full-fledged department dedicated to the production of cars, which was headed by Kiishiro himself. After a year of fruitful work, they presented to the world an engine called “type A” based on a Chevrolet engine. It was this that was to become the basis for both cars and trucks of the brand.
Formally, the brand was then called Toyoda. The name Toyota, which is familiar to us, appeared later. The first developments of the brand were the small A1 passenger car and the G1 truck.
Based on them, serial production of models AA and AB (differing only in body type) and the cargo AG began in 1936. In the same year, Kiishiro received an order for export from Northern China.
The Chinese were extremely interested in AG trucks.
In 1937, the automobile development department grew into a separate business - Toyoda Motor Company, Ltd.
It is this moment that is considered to be the beginning of the history of Toyota Motor Corporation, although it had yet to come to this name. That same year, the company received an order for 3,000 trucks for the Japanese army.
Thanks to this order, it was possible to build a full-fledged plant in the small town of Koromo. Later it was renamed Toyota.
Kiishiro was already concerned about the issue of uninterrupted supply of the required raw materials and technologies to the plant. A number of separate companies were created that provided the automobile conveyor with metal and equipment.
The only unresolved issue was the quality of the products. It did not reach the level of Europeans and Americans.
In order to change the situation, in the early 50s it was decided to introduce the brand to the American market.
It’s impossible not to notice how serious Kiishiro was about little things. It is thanks to him that we all know modern Toyota as “Toyota”. The letter "D" was replaced in the name with a "T" because the character "Toyota" requires eight lines to write, and the number eight is considered lucky in Japanese culture.
The next stage in the brand’s history: entering the global market
Today, the emergence of Chinese auto companies on the world stage is in many ways reminiscent of Toyota's expansion into the American market.
In the 50s of the twentieth century, Eiji Toyoda took the helm, who managed to introduce the most productive methods of managing and motivating ordinary workers. This method has brought certain results.
In 1951, production of the first SUV, the BJ Toyota Jeep, began. In 1957, the solid Crown entered the American market. In addition, factories opened in Brazil and Australia.
And 1966 is considered special in the history of the brand. It was this year that Corolla was born, which subsequently became the main means of gaining Toyota recognition throughout the world.
This small, economical car allowed the company not only to stay afloat, but also to become a market leader when the oil crisis struck in 1974.
Many Americans could no longer afford the thirsty eight-cylinder giants. This is where the little Toyota came in handy...
In the early 70s, the first sports cars were launched into production - the Celica in 1970 and the Supra in 1978. As we know, today these cars are icons for many car enthusiasts. In 1982, together with GM, the production of Corolla cars began in California. This event once again made it clear how winning the Kaizen strategy is.
Over the 6-year period from 1979 to 1985, total exports doubled! From 10 to 20 million cars! The Japanese didn’t even think about stopping there...
Consequences of Toyota's success around the world
Mainly thanks to the fantastic success of Toyota, Japan came to the top of the ranking of auto-producing countries, which, in turn, accelerated the pace of development of the main types of industry in other countries.
At the end of the 80s of the twentieth century, the Lexus brand was born, which henceforth represents Toyota in the premium segment. In the early 90s, Toyota Motor Corporation entered the European market and already in 1992 the first Toyota plant was built in the UK.
But Toyota did not intend to stop there.
The first “asphalt” SUV is created - Rav4, which almost immediately becomes a universally recognized bestseller! The company's innovation institute also does not sit idle, and in 1997, the first production car with a hybrid power plant, the Toyota Prius, appeared before the eyes of the whole world.
This model clearly shows that the largest automobile concern at that time was extremely concerned about the environmental situation in the world. After this, many leading automakers begin to accelerate the construction of their environmentally friendly cars.
The history of Toyota in the twenty-first century
At the turn of the century, Toyota crossed the mark of 100 million cars produced for the domestic market. In 2002, the decision was made to create our own Formula 1 team.
Unfortunately, despite a huge budget, even by the standards of Royal Racing, Toyota was never able to achieve success in this type of motorsport.
For some time, the company continued to supply engines for other teams, but in 2009 management decided to curtail the automaker’s activities in Formula 1.
Let us note that the only year when Toyota suffered losses was precisely 2009. But this did not stop the Japanese auto giant from breaking into the automotive Olympus in 2012, overtaking Volkswagen and GM at the end of the year.
By this time, Toyota had built its factories in most developed automobile countries around the world. Russia was no exception. In 2007, a new plant of the company was launched in the village of Shushary near St. Petersburg.
As we can see, the history of Toyota is filled with bright victories and years of grueling work, constant research and experimentation. The path to great success is never easy or cloudless. The Toyoda family initially bet on the “path of continuous movement forward” and they were right. The experience of the auto giant's managers is now being adopted by managers from all over the world. The Kaizen philosophy still works today.
Video about the history of Toyota:
But it all started with simple machines... Sakishi Toyoda’s dream continues to live thanks to his descendants.
Ps Have you personally had experience with Toyota cars? Write in the comments to this article the pros and cons of cars of this brand that you saw during operation, a test drive, or just a trip with a friend.
Source: http://365cars.ru/istoriya/istoriya-toyota.html
Corolla... history of achievements / Toyota community blog / smotra.ru
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The first generation of the car was released in 1966.
The motto for the design of the car was “Make the car accessible to everyone.”
The first Corolla debuted with the slogan “an engine with a displacement increased by 100 cubic centimeters .
A modern compact car built on the basis of advanced technologies and technical solutions, some of which were first used in Japan and by Toyota.
The era of family cars in Japan began. The second generation debuted in 1970.
The slogan was "Corolla: Driving performance, safety and smoothness" The first publicly available car with a five-speed transmission. Increased driving stability, a spacious interior, and an increased engine displacement meet the requirements of the era of high-speed roads.
Compared to the first generation of cars, the second generation Corolla was even more deserving of the title of "smooth Corolla". And it took first place among exported Toyota models.
The third generation appeared in 1974.
“Production in conditions of the oil crisis and regulation of atmospheric emissions”
An economical car that allows you to “survive” in the conditions of a sharp increase in gasoline prices, which was the result of the oil crisis; the reduction in harmful emissions complied with strict environmental requirements. Advanced technology made this car the standard against which all others were compared. For the first time, Corolla became the world's leading passenger car in terms of production volume.
The fourth generation started in 1979.
“A car for an era of diversity;
Using the principles of aerodynamics to create great style," the Corolla gained style and top-notch aerodynamic performance that allowed it to become "the leader of the luxury compact car of the 1980s." In Japan, a record was set: Corolla became the first car whose total production reached 10 million units.
The fifth generation of Corolla appeared to the world in 1983
“The first Corolla, available in two variants: front engine and front wheel drive; front-engine and rear-wheel drive" The developers' attention is focused on creating a spacious interior of the compact sedan and a design that meets the tastes of young people. There were two versions on sale: “coupe type FR* for exciting driving and sedan type FF* for comfortable driving.” Almost every Corolla in this body is subject to tuning. And it was this modification with body number “AE-86” that became one of the most popular drift cars. The AE86, so to speak, remains an icon for many generations of tuners. And it is the AE86 that represents the last generation of Corolla, which had value for tuning.
The sixth generation came out in 1987.
"At the center of the hype: more Corollas than ever" Creating "a world class car of excellence that goes beyond its class." Unification of engines, production of only the FF version, high efficiency and power. Thanks to the ease of operation and quiet operation of the engine, the car received the nickname “mini-Crown”.
The seventh generation appeared in 1991.
“More luxury and emotion in the Corolla” These were the last days of the universal excitement around luxury, when the desire for it reached its apogee. “A car is a delight when its core features and performance exceed your expectations.” The idea of "setting the standard for the next generation" was the driving force behind the creation of the seventh generation Corolla.
The eighth generation started in 1995.
“Safety and Greenness” As part of its strategy of “setting the standard for the next generation,” this generation of Corolla has strived for harmony between safety and sustainability. The hype around luxury has subsided, and it has been replaced by a desire for simplicity and reliability. Toyota specialists began to focus on the reliability and environmental safety of cars, reducing costs by reducing vehicle weight, and using more airbags as standard equipment.
The ninth generation was revealed to the world in 2000.
“Setting the global standard for the 21st century”
Built around New Century Values (NCV), this generation of Corolla is designed to set the global standard for 21st century automobiles. This generation of cars owes their success partly to their comfortable, refined interiors, which put them on par with luxury cars. For the 36th time, the car becomes the sales leader in the domestic market. More than 30 million cars produced.
The tenth generation was released in 2006.
And then changes immediately appeared. Now the car does not have a hatchback version, only a sedan remains. And the “hatchback” is now a separate “Auris” model. And then in 2010 there was a facelift of the model.
The result was bumpers, headlights and mirrors, which added turn signals and electric folding... and inside the steering wheel was changed.
And six months before the release of the updated Corolla, they began to install an automatic transmission on it, and the robot was also preserved as an alternative.
Creator of the Corolla
The chief engineer of the first Corolla model was Tatsuo Hasegawa. After World War II, in 1946, Hasegawa took the position of chief engineer of Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. Under his leadership, the Publica, Toyota Sports 800, Corolla and Celica models were developed.
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Source: http://smotra.ru/communities/261/blog/67297/
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