What is the difference between an injector and a carburetor

Today, most of the cars in use are equipped with an electronic fuel supply system, that is, an injector. Cars with a carburetor are very rare. However, car owners still start arguing about the most suitable option for supplying a combustible mixture to the engine - mechanically using a carburetor or using an electronic injector.

Since the cost of these units is often almost the same, many car enthusiasts are sure that there is no difference between them. In order to understand this issue, you first need to become familiar with the operating principles of carburetor and injection engines.

Engine with carburetor

Even in the last century, carburetor power units were installed on all cars. For quite a long time, the carburetor was the only and unalternative engine component responsible for preparing the fuel mixture. The finished mixture is fed into the cylinders where it burns, causing the pistons to move.

The principle of operation of the product is to mix air with gasoline in the required proportions. Different pressures in the intake manifold and atmosphere lead to instantaneous suction of the mixture into the engine and its subsequent ignition. That is, the carburetor operation algorithm is quite simple.

Its design does not contain microcircuits, sensors or other electronic equipment. Having opened the product, you can see only cables and springs, which do not require professional maintenance.

In case of clogging, cleaning is carried out with an aerosol product and the unit is again ready for use.

Since the late 70s of the last century, the dominance of carburetors has been shaken. The reason for this was the desire of people to use fuel more economically and reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Gradually, the injector began to be used more and more often.

In a power unit equipped with an electronic fuel supply system, the mixture is injected directly into the combustion chamber or intake manifold. The combustible mixture is supplied using fuel nozzles called injectors.

Today there are 3 types of injection:

Distributed.
Direct.
Combined (used very rarely).

The operation of the injection system is controlled by an electronic control unit. Its correct functioning is based on the use of information from many sensors, namely:

Intake air temperatures.
Fuel detonation.
Voltage in the on-board network.
Oxygen level in exhaust gases, etc.

The advantage of electronic fuel injection is the ability to independently determine the proportions and volume of the injected mixture, based on the engine load and other factors.

Differences between carburetor and injector

The fuel mixture is sucked into the carburetor power unit; in an engine with an injector, fuel is injected into the cylinders.
A carburetor can cause unstable engine operation, but with an injector the engine operates more efficiently.
The carburetor freezes at low sub-zero temperatures, the injector operates stably in any temperature conditions.
The injector, compared to the carburetor, helps reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere.
With an injector, fuel consumption is more economical. The difference with a carburetor is up to 40%.
The injector requires high-quality fuel, while the carburetor is less “picky” in this regard.

As can be seen from the comparative characteristics, the injector has an advantage.

However, any product has both its pros and cons.

Negative aspects of the injector

If you use high-quality gasoline and regular maintenance, the injector can operate smoothly for a long period. But if, for various reasons, it fails, its repair will become quite difficult.

At home, it will be almost impossible to identify the cause of the breakdown. This requires special diagnostic equipment. To replace a broken sensor or other injector component, considerable funds will be required.

The carburetor is much simpler in this regard. Almost any breakdown can be fixed at home in the garage. At the same time, the cost of spare parts is not high.

But, nevertheless, taking into account many of its shortcomings, such as: instability, dependence on temperature, higher gasoline consumption, etc., the advantage of the carburetor in ease of maintenance is leveled out.

Every year there are fewer and fewer vehicles with carburetor power units. The injector has seriously and for a long time become an indispensable part of a gasoline engine.

Source: http://vchemraznica.ru/v-chem-raznica-mezhdu-inzhektorom-i-karbyuratorom/

What is the difference between an injector and a carburetor: information for beginners

The fuel system of a car consists of various components and parts that can perform similar functions. For the engine to operate, a fuel supply system is needed, and the solution to such problems is to install a carburetor or injector.

Although these devices have fundamental differences in design, their task is to prepare a combustible mixture.

Depending on the car model, one of these systems is installed, and it is quite simple to find out the difference between an injector and a carburetor.

Carburetor design

Carburetor - is the simplest type of device for supplying and spraying gasoline. The process of mixing fuel with air is performed mechanically, and adjusting the supply of the mixture requires careful adjustment.

Thanks to the use of simple mechanisms, the carburetor system is easy to maintain. An experienced motorist can perform such repairs independently, which provides certain advantages in operation.

For such operations, it is not difficult to purchase a repair kit, and all work is carried out with standard tools available in the car.

The carburetor is located on the intake manifold, and its design consists of a float and mixing chambers. To supply fuel, a spray tube is used, connecting the chambers to each other.

Fuel is supplied to the float chamber using a gasoline pump, and a stable supply of gasoline is ensured by a needle filter and a float. The mixing chamber is also called the air chamber and consists of a diffuser, atomizer and throttle valve.

When the pistons move, a vacuum is created, which ensures the suction of atmospheric air and gasoline. This mixing ensures stable engine operation.

Injector device

Injector - has a more advanced fuel supply control system. All operations are monitored by an electronic system. Such equipment calculates with high accuracy the portion of fuel required for engine operation.

To determine the required flow rate, readings are taken from many vehicle sensors, and the microcontroller instantly makes the necessary calculation.

To understand which is better, a carburetor or an injector, it is worth comparing their design and giving preference to a more practical model.

Fuel is supplied to the injector using special nozzles. This principle of operation differs from carburetor injection, and almost all modern cars are equipped with it.

Fuel injection into the air flow is automatic and depends on the engine operating mode. The nozzle itself opens due to the action of an electromagnet, and closes using a spring.

In such a system, constant pressure is maintained by a special valve on the ramp, which discharges excess fuel.

Depending on the make of the car and the characteristics of the engine, the following injector connection options can be used:

Single-point (mono-injection);
Multipoint (distributed);
Direct (direct injection).

Fundamental differences between a carburetor and an injector

The carburetor's job is to prepare and supply the air-fuel mixture necessary for engine operation. Moreover, such a mixture is supplied regardless of the engine operating mode. This fuel supply system is characterized by high consumption and severe atmospheric pollution by exhaust gases.

You can determine the difference between an injector and a carburetor by studying their operating principle and the main differences. The engine, equipped with an injector, receives fuel in a precisely calculated dosage, eliminating overconsumption.

The use of such technology has not only an economic effect. The power of an engine operating under the control of an injector increases by an average of 10%.

The vehicle's driving dynamics also improve, which has a positive effect on its handling.

Advantages of a carburetor

The carburetor fuel supply system has undergone decades of testing and has the right to count on the attention of drivers. Its main advantage is the ability to repair it in almost any unforeseen situation far from a service center. The advantages and differences of this technology are easy to see from the following indicators:

Lower cost of the device and its operating costs;
Lack of carbon deposits and relative undemanding requirements for fuel;
Easy to repair and low cost of services;
Using the engine to suck in fuel.

Injector advantages

Modern electronic fuel delivery systems are superior to carburetors in many ways. In this case, stable engine operation extends the life of the equipment and makes repairs rare. A significant difference between a carburetor and an injector can be seen in the advantages of the electronic system.

Optimal fuel composition for any engine mode;
High reliability of the automatic injection system;
Better handling when speed increases;
Insensitivity to negative temperatures;
Advantages in power and moderate fuel consumption.

The injector has proven itself in various operating conditions. Such equipment is sensitive to the quality of fuel and questionable gas stations should be avoided. Repairing an injector is expensive, but given its service life and reliability, this system is preferable to a carburetor.

Selecting the optimal fuel supply system

Thinking about the difference between an injector and a carburetor, many motorists come to the conclusion that the electronic system is much more reliable.

However, re-equipping any car is not economically profitable and will only lead to unnecessary costs. The decision to choose a more economical system is important when buying a car.

It’s quite easy to understand the difference between an injector and a carburetor, and such knowledge will definitely come in handy.

The carburetor has already served its useful life in the modern car market. Despite its advantages, the use of an injector is most effective and meets all environmental requirements.

Carburetor engines are used mainly on older cars, but this technology has proven itself and does not need modification.

The use of an injector has considerable advantages and this system is installed without choice in any new car.

Source: https://SwapMotor.ru/ustrojstvo-dvigatelya/chem-otlichaetsya-inzhektor-ot-karbyuratora.html

Difference between injector and carburetor

Everyone knows that gasoline engines either have a fuel injector or are equipped with a carburetor. But if you ask the first car enthusiast you come across the question of how an injector differs from a carburetor, you are unlikely to get a clear answer. Many people only know that these units perform the same function - they form a combustible mixture to supply it to the engine. But how do these units differ?

The content of the article

A carburetor is a device designed to create an air-fuel mixture and regulate its flow. When using a carburetor, the combustible mixture is sucked into the engine due to the resulting pressure difference between the atmosphere and the intake manifold.

An injector is an electronic fuel supply system in which the quality of the air-fuel mixture is electronically controlled.

In an injection system, fuel is injected into the air stream using special nozzles. The combustible mixture enters the engine cylinders by injection directly into the combustion chamber.

Currently, almost all modern cars have an injector installed.

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Comparison

The carburetor creates the rich air-fuel mixture that the engine needs to do a specific job. In this case, the same amount of mixture is sucked into the engine regardless of the speed, which results in significant fuel consumption and severe pollution of exhaust gases.

When using a fuel injection system, a lean air-fuel mixture enters the engine in a precise dosage, which is determined by the control unit. Precise fuel dosing results in economical fuel consumption and a significant reduction in exhaust toxicity.

The use of an injector allows you to increase engine power by up to 10% and improve the dynamic properties of the car. The injector is more picky about gasoline than the carburetor. It does not depend on temperature changes, while the carburetor freezes in winter and overheats in summer.

As for reliability, the carburetor is relatively simple and requires virtually no maintenance during operation. But this is provided that there is a fuel filter and high-quality gasoline is used.

In real conditions, the carburetor is prone to frequent breakdowns due to unsatisfactory fuel quality.

But at the same time, many car owners are able to repair the carburetor on their own, and spare parts for the unit are not very expensive.

The injector is more reliable in operation, but its repair is difficult. At the same time, diagnostics of the injector can only be carried out with special equipment, and the components and sensors of the unit are expensive.

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Conclusions TheDifference.ru

In the carburetor, the combustible mixture is sucked into the engine, and in the injector it enters the engine cylinders through injection.
The carburetor is unstable, while the injector ensures efficient engine operation.
The operation of the injector does not depend on weather conditions. The carburetor freezes in severe frosts.
The injector provides less polluted emissions into the atmosphere.
An injection engine picks up speed easier than a carburetor engine.
The use of an injector allows you to save up to 40% of fuel.
The injector is less susceptible to breakdowns than the carburetor, but its repair is expensive.
The injector is more picky about fuel quality.

Source: https://TheDifference.ru/otlichie-inzhektora-ot-karbyuratora/

What is the difference between an injector and a carburetor - automotoguru

As you know, modern cars use two devices to create a fuel mixture: an injector and a carburetor.

At first glance, the operating principle of both units is very similar, but why is the number of carburetor engines inexorably decreasing, while the number of injection engines is growing? The main reason for this phenomenon is the requirements imposed by European standards on the composition of exhaust gases.

It is increasingly difficult for carburetors to prepare a mixture that is safe for the environment, so there are fewer and fewer cars on the market equipped with the historically first fuel mixers. But the ability to comply with environmental regulations is not the only difference between the systems. To understand the difference between an injector and a carburetor and which is better for the driver, let’s consider the operating principle of both devices.

The principle of operation of an injection and carburetor engine

Combustion chamber of carburetor (top) and injection (bottom) engines

The word “injector” is derived from the English “Inject”, that is, injection. This means that the injector is an injection device controlled by an electronic control unit.

The operation of the device resembles the system used in diesel engines: fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber using a nozzle.

Due to the ability to precisely adjust the composition of the working mixture, injectors are used in the production of most brands and models of modern cars.

The name “carburetor” appeared at the dawn of the automobile industry. It is derived from the French word “carburation” - mixing. The device prepares the fuel mixture inside its body, distributing the proportions of fuel and air in accordance with the composition and octane number of gasoline. The resulting mixture is simply sucked into the intake manifold due to the pressure difference created.

The carburetor is not equipped with sensors capable of analyzing the engine speed, so the same “portion” of the fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber both at idle and at maximum speed. This leads to irrational consumption of gasoline and the entry into the exhaust system of a large amount of substances harmful to the environment.

The injector is free of this drawback, because the electronic unit constantly monitors the engine speed and regulates gasoline injection. Thanks to high precision, fuel is consumed economically and a minimum amount of harmful substances is emitted into the exhaust system. This allows you to pass the test for compliance with European toxin standards.

Pros and cons of carburetor engines

The design of a simple carburetor

The main advantage of a carburetor is ease of maintenance. To adjust the composition of the working mixture, just read the simple manual. At the same time, the carburetor, correctly adjusted once, is able to operate without failures for a long time.

To repair a fuel mixer, you don’t need expensive tools and equipment; a few screwdrivers and wrenches are enough. All work can be done right in the garage, without going to a car service.

Here lies a significant difference between an injector and a carburetor, because problems with the injector are no longer so easy to fix.

A carburetor car can be filled with fuel with low quality indicators, because it is almost insensitive to the presence of impurities. The only consequence of using low quality fuel is clogging of the jets, but they can be easily cleaned or purged.

An important advantage of carburetor units is increased engine response. The operating mode of the motor changes quickly, without jerking. A carburetor car is easier to overcome steep descents and drive off-road.

The disadvantages of a carburetor include:

increased formation of harmful substances in exhaust gases;
high sensitivity to temperature changes;
irrational gasoline consumption.

The carburetor is reliable and easy to maintain, but its shortcomings are too significant and offset the list of advantages.

Source: https://avtomotoguru.ru/v-chem-raznica-mezhdu-inzhektorom-i-karbyuratorom/

Which is better, carburetor or injector - pros and cons of use

Until recently, under the hood of every car you could find a carburetor fuel supply system. Modern environmental frameworks have forced manufacturers to think about modernizing the fuel supply, as a result of which cars began to be equipped with an injector. Most car owners cannot to this day determine what the difference is between power units .

At the end of the 19th century, the Italian Donat Banchi developed a design whose main purpose was to spray gasoline into the cylinders. The mechanical type of fuel injection, that is, injection, appeared in less than 10 years. The aircraft mechanics industry became interested in the technology, since the combustible mixture was injected regardless of the force of gravity.

Serial production of engines with injection development appeared in 1954, on Mercedes 300SL cars. Since the early 80s, power units with injectors have become widespread due to the accessible differences in electronic equipment for programmable control units.

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How does a carburetor work?

The device is intended for gasification of the mixture, a kind of mixing. The operating scheme is not particularly complicated; the float chamber, which contains fuel, is connected to the chambers through jets, and gasoline is supplied to the intake manifold. The float chamber of the carburetor is connected to the fuel line; the level of the combustible mixture is controlled by a needle assembly.

1. Idle jet; 2. Mixture quality screw; 3. Main fuel jet; 4. Throttle valve; 5. Needle; 6. Needle jet; 7. Hole in the sub-piston cavity; 8. Diaphragm; 9. Channel from the auxiliary filter; 10. Vacuum piston.

The air chamber consists of a throttle, atomizer and diffuser - these are the main systems that supply the engine combustion chambers with gasoline.

Additional upgrades that control the start of a cold engine, an economizer, and an accelerator pump were installed according to the needs and scope of operation of the unit.

Due to the vacuum, a working mixture is supplied to the cylinders, which sets the unit in motion.

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Operating principle of the injector

Injection supply of a combustible mixture is more modern and efficient in engine operation.

The advantages and differences between an injector and a carburetor are that an electronic control unit is responsible for supplying gasoline to the cylinders, which doses the mixture depending on the type of load.

The carburetor and the injector perform the same functions - they supply gasoline to the cylinders. The injection design works due to many sensors installed on the car.

The principle of operation of the injector: 1 - fuel tank; 2 - electric fuel pump; 3 - fuel filter; 4 — fuel pressure regulator; 5 - nozzle; 6 — electronic control unit; 7 — mass air flow sensor; 8 — throttle position sensor; 9 — coolant temperature sensor; 10 — XX regulator; 11 — crankshaft position sensor; 12 — oxygen sensor; 13 — neutralizer; 14 — knock sensor; 15 — adsorber purge valve; 16 - adsorber.

Injectors supply the combustible mixture directly to the cylinders; this type of engine equipment with gasoline is used in almost all modern power units. The check valve is responsible for maintaining the fuel level increased by the fuel pump into the fuel line. The design and difference of the nozzles consists of a solenoid valve, a spring, and a spray system.

Various types of gasoline supply are used in injection systems:

Mono injection (single-point), the cheapest option, is installed on small-volume power units in order to save fuel;
Distributed (multipoint) has several spray systems to more completely saturate the cylinders with the mixture;
Direct or direct injection is installed on racing cars.

The amount of gasoline supplied to the cylinders depends on several parameters. Engine load, engine temperature, amount of nitrogen oxide in exhaust gases, air flow.

The crankshaft position sensor acts as a reference for supplying fuel at the right time and cylinder.

The position of the throttle valve determines the amount of combustible mixture supplied by the injection system; which is better, a carburetor or an injector.

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Main differences between systems

The purpose of both systems is to saturate the cylinders with a combustible mixture. The system pre-determines and prepares the mixture for delivery to the engine; inefficient fuel distribution affects overall consumption and the environment.

Which is better, a carburetor or an injector? The first is popular in remote areas from services, as they can be adjusted without specialized tools.

What is the difference between an injector and a carburetor is found out by many car owners before purchasing a new or used iron friend.

It is becoming increasingly rare to see cars with single injection on the market, as the automotive industry is flooded with power units with a modern fuel supply system.

What is the difference between an injector and a carburetor, that the amount of gasoline is supplied in a precisely dosed form under certain loads, which has a positive effect on consumption.

An injector or a carburetor have differences and features that pose a serious choice for the future owner.

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Injection system

The use of an injection system in cars has a considerable number of advantages.

The carburetor, which has been used for a long time in the production of power units, remains the best, but has been replaced by a more modern design for a number of reasons:

Efficiency is achieved by supplying gasoline at the required dosage, depending on the loads and operating mode, what is the difference between an injector and a carburetor;
The ambient temperature does not affect engine starting; the ECU controls the amount of fuel mixture supplied when the engine is cold;
Dynamic performance is significantly higher, especially at high speeds.

Before drawing conclusions about whether an injector or a carburetor is better for the VAZ 2109, you should pay attention to some difficulties. The modern version is not demanding on gasoline consumption and has easier starting in winter. However, with long-term operation, the structure is subject to expensive repairs, or even replacement of components.

Common pros and cons:

The fuel used when operating the units must be of a higher quality than in carburetor units, otherwise the injectors will become clogged and the car will lose its dynamic properties;
Maintenance and replacement of components involves considerable financial costs.

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Carburetor type of fuel mixture supply

The most common fuel injection system, especially on cars produced by the domestic auto industry, is carburetor. Due to the possibility of doing it yourself, far from a car service center, the conclusion is that it is better to choose a carburetor or injector for the VAZ 21099.

Significant pros and cons of this type of combustible mixture supply:

Replacing the device with a complex will cost less than an injection system; this does not affect the cost of a used car;
The carb is less demanding on the quality of gasoline; timely replacement of the fuel and air filter will make it possible to drive for a long time without maintenance;
Repairs and adjustments do not require computer diagnostics; you can make the adjustments in the garage yourself.

Naturally, the injector and carburetor are used in different environments, under increased loads. Old-fashioned systems have significant disadvantages during operation, so it is worth weighing the pros and cons before deciding whether a carburetor or an injector is better.

Negative aspects of carburetors:

The difference is that starting in cold weather is carried out only mechanically, by pulling the choke out of the car;
Fuel consumption is much higher, since the combustible mixture is supplied evenly under different operating modes;
The slightest, as well as large shifts in tuning are a consequence of unstable operation of the internal combustion engine.

Summing up the debate about whether a carburetor or an injector is better, it should be noted that each of the developments requires proper maintenance during operation. In severe conditions, components should be cleaned and filters replaced more often than described in the regulations. Timely maintenance will give you confidence and reliability when operating your car.

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Alteration of the type of fuel mixture supply

To improve a car operated in urban conditions, conversion to an injector is most suitable. The car owner will have to modify, purchase many parts and kits to achieve the result. At the preparation stage, you should have all the necessary spare parts, disassemble the front part of the car for convenient work.

Draining liquids, disassembling the carburetor, the future injection system and the fuel line are the basis for starting work; it is necessary to check the differences between the units. The VAZ power supply system is changed to an identical injection line; the cylinder head and intake manifold are replaced in most cases.

Carrying out a replacement requires certain skills, a determination of whether a carburetor or an injector is better for the car owner, as well as an approach to work. If you do not have enough experience, tools and training, you should contact specialists at a qualified car service center.

If you have any questions, watch this video, the answer to the question of what is better is a carburetor or an injector:

Source: https://prokarbyrator.ru/tyuning-karbyuratora/chto-luchshe-karbyurator-ili-inzhektor.html

Pros and cons of fundamentally different systems: injector or carburetor - which is better during operation

Modernization of vehicle systems is an integral part of technical progress. The first full-fledged engines had a completely mechanical mechanism for controlling the operating modes of the device.

However, in the early 90s, electronics began to actively penetrate various spheres of human life.

Having successfully set up the electronic control of the internal combustion engine, engineers actively began to introduce the technology into mass production.
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Briefly about the injection system of a carburetor installation: main disadvantages

The mechanical system for forming the fuel-air mixture requires the presence of a complex device capable of effectively preparing and delivering the required portion of fuel into the cylinders.

It is the analog principle that pushes experienced owners to carefully analyze the question: injector or carburetor and which is better ?
The most widely used are float carburetors , which in the simplest case include:

float chamber - a special tank for fuel;
a throttle valve that controls the amount of incoming air;
fuel jet;
diffuser;
mixing chamber;
air damper.

The main difference between a carburetor and an injector lies precisely in the principle of enrichment of the fuel assemblies of the cylinders. In a mechanical device, the process of suctioning a portion of fuel directly depends on:

degree of vacuum in the cylinder;
flow area of the fuel nozzle;
diffuser designs.

The fundamental difference between carburetor and injection systems: the principle of forming a fuel assembly in a modern internal combustion engine

Unlike engines with mechanical devices for forming fuel assemblies, injection units are subject to electronic control . The principle of pumping the working fluid into the cavity of the combustion chamber is different here. Conventionally, the power supply system can be divided into two blocks :

fuel supply;
air injection.

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The fuel supply system on these engines mainly consists of:

high pressure fuel pump;
fuel rail;
injectors.

The pump forces fuel under pressure into the main line to which the injectors are connected. At the command of the electronics, the injector valve opens and fuel is injected.

The geometry of the hole is set in a favorable way: the jet consists of the smallest particles and has a fairly wide spray front.

The fuel supply is adjusted by the time and depth of opening of the injector shut-off valve, thereby proving that the difference between the carburetor and injector devices is colossal.

The injection system here can be of several types:

mono (1 injector for all cylinders) - used only in the early 90s;
distributed (injectors are installed in the intake manifold);
direct (injectors are located in the cylinders).

Some companies prefer to use combined solutions, thus ensuring the best fuel efficiency. Modern control systems on engines of Mercedes-Benz, VolksWagen, BMW cars are capable of manipulating nozzles up to 5 times during the suction stage, guaranteeing a high degree of mixing with air.

Dynamic adjustment abilities

The main differences between the two types of engine power systems are visible not only in the injection process. Any injection motor contains a developed feedback network, which an analog device simply does not have. The ECM of a modern engine is a complex complex consisting of:

head control unit (ECU);
all kinds of sensors;
electronically controlled levers.

It is thanks to the presence of electronics that there is a statement that modern power plants, or injectors, are much better than carburetor mechanisms. The functionality of the simplest ECM is based on the fact that the composition of the fuel assembly is constantly dynamically adjusted depending on:

atmospheric thermodynamic parameters;
fuel quality;
environmental friendliness of the exhaust;
throttle valve opening degree.

A set of sensors constantly “monitors” information about the position of the throttle valve (if it is mechanically driven). By transmitting readings to the control unit, the latter decides in what mode the injectors will operate. An oxygen sensor based in the exhaust manifold is able to determine the degree of over-enrichment of the mixture and force the ECU to adjust the operating mode of the injectors.

The most noticeable difference is in the settings of the injector and carburetor for a high-quality functioning process. The first one takes place only at the factory. All operating parameters and modes are contained in a program code that is installed in the engine control unit.

Setting up the carburetor comes down to static adjustment of the main parameters that ensure stable idling. It is produced at certain intervals. In terms of dynamic settings, the analog device can only boast of a semi-automatic method of primitive fuel economy (idle economizer).

Ignition process in carburetor and injector

On engines equipped with analog devices, the principle of operation of the ignition system is quite simple. Outdated contact ignition assumed the presence of:

mechanical low voltage circuit breaker;
ignition coils;
mechanical high voltage distributor;
centrifugal and vacuum ignition timing regulator.

The reliability of the mechanisms left much to be desired. Therefore, the contactless ignition circuit was soon replaced, in which the mechanical breaker was replaced by a transistor switch, and the contact distributor by a corresponding sensor.

Operational features of the injector and carburetor, or which is better and easier to use

The operating efficiency of an engine equipped with an ECM is noticeably higher than that of a similar “hardware” equipped with an analog fuel assembly generation device . However, it is worth keeping in mind that the failure of any sensor or control module can put the control system into an emergency state.

In addition, there are key non-duplicated elements, if they break down the car will not be able to continue moving further. Accordingly, the difference in maintenance of the carburetor and injector is enormous. Repairing the first one in the field is not difficult.

Controversy over cost-effectiveness can be resolved by an experienced service technician. A well-adjusted carburetor in its operating range has much lower fuel consumption than an injector. However, the efficiency and throttle response of the engine suffer from this.

Many experienced car enthusiasts prefer not to switch to cars with injection power plants. Among the reasons, the inability of a modern engine to “digest” low-quality domestic gasoline and poor maintainability are often cited. Accordingly, the reliability of the car as a whole suffers from this.

Source: http://autoclub.su/karbyurator-i-inzhektor-raznica/

Injector and carburetor: what is the difference?

Most car enthusiasts have a mediocre understanding of the structure of their own car. Some of them don’t even know whether a carburetor or an injector is installed on it. And even more so, they don’t understand the difference between an injector and a carburetor (by the way, it’s worth recalling that new cars are no longer equipped with the latter due to non-compliance with the EVRO3 standard).

Meanwhile, being knowledgeable in this area is unlikely to hurt any driver. Well, any self-respecting motorist who deals with a gasoline engine must be able to list the “pros” and “cons” of a carburetor and injector...

The very first carburetor in the form of a laboratory unit was invented in 1872. In 1893, Donat Banki, an Italian by birth, went much further in this regard and designed a hitherto unknown mechanism that was capable of ultra-finely atomizing fuel.

This thing was of great practical importance, because it began to be widely used in the emerging global automobile industry. Over the years, it has been modernized and enriched with new capabilities, existing almost exclusively on gasoline units for almost a century.

The prototype of the injector appeared a little later. Since about 1902, the engines of the French experimental motorist Levasseur carried separate components of mechanical injection.

The technical initiative he showed was taken advantage of by aircraft designers, who were interested in the fact that the functions of the injector were not affected by gravity.

During the Great Patriotic War, injection engines began to appear on individual aircraft of opposing coalitions.

Specialists from Nazi Germany were especially successful in this direction, implementing the MW50 project to inject methanol into the piston engines of Focke-Wulf and Messerschmidt fighters.

Injection with electronic elements was tested in Italy back in the 30s. Mechanical injection was first tested in a car in 1954 on the Mercedes-Benz 300SL.

In the last quarter of the 20th century, injectors began to gradually replace carburetors and eventually became widespread thanks to the introduction of electronic principles of internal combustion engine control.

The design and principle of operation of the carburetor

So, let's first look at the carburetor (from the French.

сarburation - carburetion - the formation of an initial working substance from air and flammable vapors in the proportion necessary for the functioning of the power unit).

In an internal combustion engine, this device is designed to prepare a combustible mixture with its further controlled supply to the cylinder. Metered fuel supply to the engine is realized through a float with a jet.

Schematically, this part is arranged as follows. It has two cavities - mixing and float, connected by a spray tube.

The float is connected to the gas tank by a pipeline. Fuel is pumped there by a gasoline pump. Its level is ensured by the interaction of the float with the needle valve, similar to the siphon of a toilet tank.

The mixing unit consists of a Venturi tube (diffuser), a throttle valve and a spray nozzle.

The space in front of this tube is connected to the outside world through the air filter, and the mixer itself, through the intake manifold, is connected to the cylinders.

At the bottom of the atomizer, on the float side, there is a special hole (the so-called jet), which measures the required volume of fuel to create a steam-air cocktail.

With the reciprocating movement of the piston group, a vacuum is formed in the mixing cavity; its peak is located in the narrowest part of the Venturi tube, where the spray hole is also located. Under such conditions, gasoline and atmosphere are sucked in through a spray bottle. The fuel in the moving vortex flow is mixed with air.

"Pros"

With the advent of injectors, this technological method lost its former relevance. However, it is too early to completely discount the carburetor, because:

It does not form carbon deposits.
It is insensitive to the material quality of gasoline, only to the dispersed purity of its composition.
Its repair and maintenance are simplified to the extreme and are not associated with significant costs; All you need is a repair kit and standard tools.
No additional energy source is required for fuel intake.

Thus, each vehicle owner is able to carry out preventive measures independently.

"Minuses"

As for other features and properties, this functional unit is quite inferior to the injector. After all, the carburetor works unstable and is considered a problematic link. Experts recognize that its main “disease” is a large number of easily clogged jets.

In addition, it always either freezes or overheats, which is why the engine starts worse, even in the presence of a seemingly life-saving “choke”. Finally, proper carburetor operation requires careful adjustment.

At the same time, fuel consumption and the volume of harmful emissions still objectively remain quite significant.

Design and principle of operation of the injector

An injector (from the French injection - injection is the process of mixing 2 physical flows and transferring the energy of the working flow to the injected one) is a more advanced design of fuel preparation and fuel supply, based on the principle of forced injection (pumping). Jet devices used for this purpose, operating on the principle of a syringe, are called injectors.

By the way, the words “injection” and “injection” have a common etymological root.

In fact, the fuel injection method is even more primitive than carburetor technology, which is a highly complex invention. It is possible only due to the synchronous action of several laws of physics in combination. And here there is only one working element - a nozzle, also known as an injector.

The nozzle has 2 positions - closed and open. The equipment opens with a built-in electromagnet and is locked with an ordinary spring. The portion of incoming gasoline is measured by the duration of the open position. Fuel is supplied under pressure to the fuel rail, from where the injectors are fed.

In order to ensure stable pressure, there is a valve that regulates the flow of gasoline and returns its excess. There are three known ways to connect injectors:

Distributed (parallel, phased and pairwise-parallel).
Single injection.
Straight.

The operational activities of the described system are regulated by a universal ECU. The block is programmed accordingly; it sends commands to all kinds of engine devices (including injector electromagnets), and also controls their execution.

The sizes of gasoline doses are set in accordance with a number of engine parameters: performance, degree of heating, exhaust gas composition, etc. The injection timing is determined by the TPS, DPKV (throttle and crankshaft position sensors, respectively), as well as the camshaft Hall sensor, and varies depending on the conditions ride.

To summarize the above, the radical distinctive feature of the injector is that the processes in it are controlled by electronics. A sufficient number of sensors have been introduced into the fuel system to monitor its activity. The information received from them is collected together in a microcontroller that controls the operation of the injector.

"Pros"

Progressive technologies provide many benefits. Using an injector:

The motor fails less often, that is, its reliability increases.
In general, the car model becomes more economical and environmentally friendly (excessive consumption of gasoline is a priori excluded).
An important circumstance is immunity to sharp temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere, taking into account the Russian climatic specifics.

"Minuses"

Electronic equipment allows you to monitor the general condition of the vehicle through the on-board computer, but, in addition to convenience, this also makes it difficult to use the injector. A broken sensor cannot be repaired, and the cost of a new one is relatively impressive.

As a result, the elimination of a breakdown, directly or indirectly related to the operation of the injector, is associated with the purchase of expensive spare parts. The injector nozzles operate under more difficult conditions of high temperatures directly in the cylinder head, and the carburetor is moved to the side and is an autonomous device.

If we add to the above factors the demands on the chemical condition of the fuel, it turns out that there seems to be more hassle and expense with it than with a carburetor.

Let's sum it up..

However, the price of the issue should be carefully and objectively calculated. The maintenance of a carburetor actually turns out to be somewhat cheaper, but it is more often a concern, and the attempt to save money turns out to be untenable in most cases.

On the other hand, it is true that repairing an injector is more resource-intensive, but due to the low probability of failure, this disadvantage is usually minimized. And in conclusion, the conclusion suggests itself that the latter is still preferable.

Add here increased power (up to 10%), as well as improved throttle response, and it becomes obvious: the carburetor is already an obsolete technical miracle. Although the question “which is better, an injector or a carburetor?” – it is impossible to answer unequivocally.

Let’s say that in the outback the carburetor type will still be in demand, because where it is far from a modern repair service, for obvious reasons it has an advantage. On some sports supercars, carburetors also, due to their mechanical simplicity, still remain indispensable.

At the same time, experience shows that the conversion of vehicle fuel equipment from one type to another is not economically justified and leads to excessive, sometimes unrecoverable, expenses. Therefore, choosing the optimal option is important initially, when purchasing a car.

Source: http://jrepair.ru/interesnoe-na-jrepair-ru/agregats/inzhektor-i-karbyurator-v-chem-raznitsa