Changing the oil in a mechanic's gearbox

What kind of oil to pour into the gearbox: manual, automatic

Changing automobile oil, the main lubricant that prevents metal components in contact with each other from becoming unusable, is a very important procedure. This article will talk about gearbox oil.

The role of oil in gearboxes

Let’s first figure out why gearbox oil is so necessary. Let's take a look inside the detail.

The fact that the gearbox has gears mounted on shafts, which, in turn, rotate on bearings, and that the gears come into contact with each other through teeth - we all know this.

We forget that high pressure and considerable longitudinal slip have a negative effect on the transmission fluid, destroy the oil film in the contact area of the rubbing parts, lead to metal jamming and, as a result, everything is destroyed.

Important properties

Viscous oil with special additives is designed to eliminate the negative effects of the environment and inevitable mechanical processes . It is able to ensure the safety and low susceptibility of the oil film to various influences. It will also be useful to know that even at the production stage of gears and other gearbox parts, they are coated with phosphate.

As for additives, transmission fluids for boxes contain the same substances that are found in motor lubricants. We are talking about anti-wear, viscosity-temperature, anti-corrosion and other additives. Only in the transmission fluid these same additives are mixed in different proportions.

In addition, to strengthen the oil film and make it stronger, compounds of chlorine, zinc, sulfur and phosphorus are added to the liquid - in a word, a whole bunch from the periodic table. However, strong oxide films are formed that are highly resistant to high pressure and mechanical stress.

Types of Oil Bases

Like motor oil, transmission fluid has three varieties or types of bases. Synthetic, semi-synthetic and mineral bases. Let's consider each of the foundations separately, find out their purpose and role.

Synthetic base

It has better fluidity compared to mineral. On the other hand, under extreme changes in operating temperatures, such oils can cause unwanted leaks from transmission seals. This situation is especially relevant for cars with high mileage;
Synthetic oils have advantages besides better fluidity. Thus, the thickness of synthetic oil is less dependent on lower temperatures in the cold season , which allows them to be used in a wider temperature range, making them an all-season product;

Semi-synthetic base

It is a kind of hybrid, a combined option, something between full “synthetics” and “mineral water”;
This oil is designed to improve a number of properties of mineral oils, while simultaneously reducing the high cost of synthetic oils.

Mineral base

They are considered the most consumed , so to speak, popular oils, due to their low cost;
In order to somehow improve the quality of mineral oils, a certain amount of additives with a high sulfur content is added.

It turns out that synthetic oils are better in quality than mineral oils, but at a much higher price. Semi-synthetics are somewhere in the middle, providing an opportunity to save money.

In addition, oils must be distinguished by their properties. Today, two types of oils are known: for automatic transmissions and for manual transmissions. Here's where they differ.

For manual transmission

Manual transmission oils (or MTF) effectively relieve mechanical stress, lubricate friction pairs, and remove heat and rust particles.

For automatic transmission

The difference between automatic transmission oils (they are labeled as ATF ) is that higher requirements than to lubricants for manual transmissions. This oil acts as a transmitter of mechanical energy in the entire transmission system. It's more of a hydraulic fluid than regular oil;
These oils are not only able to lubricate gears, but also provide a liquid medium, as well as smooth operation of friction mechanisms, better remove heat and protect against corrosion;
They have a higher viscosity index and better resistance to foaming;
ATF lubricant has a weaker effect on oil seals and various elastomers than manual transmission oil;
Such oils must be very resistant to oxidation.

Table of known automatic transmission oils

Brand	Description	Purpose
Dexron 3	Automatic transmission oil that meets the latest requirements of leading manufacturers	For cars with Step-tronic, Type-tronic, automatic transmission and so on
Euromax ATF	Special fluid for automatic transmissions of foreign cars of a very high quality standard	Boxes Ford Mercon, Chrysler, Mitsubishi Diamond, Nissan, Toyota, etc.
Mobile Delvac ATF	Automatic transmission oil that performs exceptionally well at sub-zero temperatures	Trucks with automatic transmission, buses, cars, etc.
Toyota ATF	Oil with special additives that protect against corrosion and excessive wear	Boxes of Toyota and Lexus cars
Honda ATF	Oil using special ingredients to protect seals and O-rings	Automatic transmissions of all Honda models

Classification of oil by viscosity degree

We've sorted out the basics, now let's move on to one of the most important characteristics - the features of a particular oil and classification by viscosity grade SAE and API .

Below we see a table that lists the most popular gear oils and their viscosity, as well as various important properties.

Synthetic based , semi-synthetic

Oil brand	SAE	Peculiarities	API
Mobile 1 SHC	75W/90	Universal SNT* all-season (intended for manual transmission, hypoid and other gears)	GL4
Lukoil TM-5	75W/90	Designed specifically for manual transmissions with any type of gears - PSNT**	GL5
Castrol Suntrans Transaxle	75W/90	Fully SNT (purpose - manual transmission, transfer case, gearbox in a block with main gears)	GL4
Mobile GX	80W	Purpose – combined gearbox/front-wheel drive	GL4
Lukoil TM-5	85W/90	Designed for manual transmission/automatic transmission, transfer case, steering - PSNT	GL5
Toyota	75W/90	Original SNT oil (purpose of manual transmission, hypoid gears of the rear axle gearbox, steering column)	GL4/GL5

Recommended transmission fluids for some models of domestic and foreign cars.

Car make/model	Recommended oil	API
VAZ (classic)	75W/90 SNT or PSNT (Zik, Lukoil, Castrol)	GL4/5
Lada Priora/Kalina	75W/90 or 80W/85 (Lukoil TM-4/TM-5, Shell Transaxle)	GL4
Ford Focus 2	75W/90 or 80W/90 PSNT (Ford Service or others recommended); for automatic transmission – Mercon V Ford	GL-4/5
Hyundai	75W/90 (Hyundai Kia MTF, Castrol Universal); for automatic transmission – (Hyundai Kia ATF, Diamond ATF SP-3 or SK ATF SP-3)	GL-4
Kia	75W/90 SNT (Hyundai Kia MTF, Mobil 1); for automatic transmission (Hyundai Kia ATF)	GL4

Changing the gearbox oil

Gearbox oil does not need to be replaced in all brands of cars. There are some expensive car models in which replacement is not provided for by the manufacturer. As a rule, these are cars with a new type of automatic transmission, where the fluid is filled for the entire service life (coinciding with the service life of the car itself). Such gearboxes do not even have a dipstick to check the level.

Here, for example, are car models in which replacement is not provided:

On German cars, after the 90s of production, boxes are installed without a dipstick;
Acura RL with MJBA automatic transmission;
Chevrolet Yukon with automatic transmission type 6L80;
Ford Mondeo with FMX automatic transmission;
Honda CR-V of recent years and many others

But all this seems superficial and in practice things are a little different. Replacement may be required if there is a problem with the box. In any case, diagnostics will be needed (with determination of the level using a scanner and graph) and replacement, it is better to have specialists handle it.

Let's leave the expensive car models alone and move on to ordinary ones. It is recommended to replace the boxes of these cars every 80 thousand km , which is approximately 2 years. But not everything fits here either.

Again, all this refers to the classic, so to speak, scenario, implying that the car rarely gets into city traffic jams, the climate of the country where the driver lives is moderate, and the quality of the roads is beyond doubt (as in Germany, for example). In our country, where driving conditions are almost extreme, it is not important to replace every 80 thousand km or even every 40 thousand.

kilometers, but every 25 thousand. And these are not big words, but the realities of our lives. Thus, we will take care of the box and prevent it from breaking down ahead of time.

There is another option. The lubricant can be inspected visually and its condition can be determined. So, if it is noticeable that the liquid has changed its color to a darker color or has acquired a burnt smell, it is already stupid to wait for a scheduled replacement. Urgently contact the service center, where they will first carry out diagnostics and then change the oil.

Conclusion

Today, the approximate cost of automatic transmission oils is 250-1000 rubles per liter. The most expensive is the French Motul ATF oil, and one of the cheapest is the American Chevron ATF. Oils for manual transmissions start at 100 rubles per liter.

Time does not stand still. New varieties of oils appear, imported branded products become available, and recommendations change. A motorist needs to keep abreast of the latest developments, just like a specialist in any other field. Periodically check the quality of the oil, carry out diagnostics and the condition of the box.

Did not find an answer to your question?

Ask in the comments. We will definitely answer!

Source: https://etlib.ru/blog/248-maslo-dlya-korobki-peredach

What kind of oil to fill in a manual transmission, frequency and replacement schedule in a manual transmission, how to check the level, required interval and period

The gears of any gearbox are subject to intense wear, so manual transmission lubrication can increase the service life and reduce maintenance costs. Transmission oils are classified by several specifications and do not have the same markings and composition, so the user must have at least minimal information about lubrication of a manual transmission.

Purpose of gearbox lubrication

The gearbox is the largest gearbox in a car transmission. Thanks to a stepwise change in the gear ratio, the driver has the opportunity to combine two ranges - wheel speed in the range of 50 - 1500 min-1 and engine crankshaft speed 800 - 8000 min-1. Depending on the type of transmission, the gears of the gearbox are lubricated in the following ways:

cylindrical - oil bath with immersion of low-speed wheels to a third of the diameter, high-speed wheels to a depth of h = 5m;
bevel - crankcase lubrication with the entire lower tooth of the gear immersed in oil;
planetary - the high-speed stage is immersed in an oil bath to the entire depth of the inner tooth.

Spur gear boxPlanetary gearbox

Information about what kind of oil to pour into a manual gearbox is relevant when repairing components and assemblies associated with the gearbox (for example, replacing the clutch) when the life of the lubricant itself is exhausted.

Transmission filler hole

The gearbox traditionally belongs to units with high operating loads. In addition, passenger car manufacturers use different gear designs in different car models, so the frequency of oil changes in manual transmissions is required in the manual.

The user should note that changing the oil in a manual transmission has nuances:

with a minimum maintenance budget (filling with mineral oil), operating costs will increase as the lubricant life will decrease;
when purchasing expensive synthetics, on the contrary, the initial investment will increase, but the service life of such oil is longer and the replacement frequency is greater than in the previous case;
Semi-synthetics have a rational ratio of lubricant quality and cost.

Thus, oil in a manual transmission solves several problems simultaneously:

lubrication and reduction of friction of gears;
heat removal from friction pairs;
removal of metal filings from the surfaces of wear parts of the gearbox;
protection of gears and gears from oxidation and corrosion.

The cost of 3 liters of gear lubricant is significantly lower than replacing a manual transmission or breaking a gear while driving.

Manual transmission operating modes

Due to operating conditions, the car's gearbox must provide 1 - 2 lower gears, reverse speed and several higher gears. Large ratios (5/1 – 3.5/1) are used in lower gears.

At the same time, the transmission of an SUV reaches a power range of 9 units, while in passenger cars it is limited to 6 units. The traction force in lower gears is maximum, but the car cannot reach high speed.

The gear ratios of the middle gears are in the range of 2.5/1 – 1.5/1. Engine noise is reduced at the same speeds. These gears are considered “short” and greatly tire the driver, as they require frequent switching in changing driving conditions.

Higher gears reach a gear ratio close to 1/1, that is, the shafts rotate at the same angular speeds. This is convenient on the highway when driving at a constantly high vehicle speed.

Classic gearboxes usually use 3 shafts - primary, intermediate and secondary. The gear units have helical gears to reduce noise. In addition to gears, the box contains synchronizers, cams and clutches.

The oil should be changed either at a service station, whose employees do not make such mistakes, or you should adhere to the requirements specified in the machine’s operating manual.

Transmission lubricant is considered a consumable material; after a certain mileage, its components begin to deteriorate, and metal shavings and foreign impurities accumulate inside, and the modifying additives decompose. That is why changing the oil in a manual transmission must be timely and technically competent.

Selecting a lubricant for a manual transmission

According to the international API system, developed by the American Petroleum Institute, manual transmission oil is marked with the letters GL. Of the six existing classes, only GL-3 and GL-4 modifications are used in manual transmissions. However, gearboxes with hypoid gears use GL-5 oil.

Designation	Compound	Purpose
GL-1	no extreme pressure additives, only base oil	transmissions without synchronizers
GL-2	anti-wear modifiers	not suitable for gearboxes
GL-3	2.7% anti-wear additives	for MPP with spiral bevel gears
GL-4	4% extreme pressure modifiers	for manual transmission with synchronizers
GL-5	6.5 additives, including extreme pressure	for boxes without synchronizers
GL-6	more than 7% sulfurphosphorus-containing additives	only for hypoid gears

In the domestic GOST standard, transmission oils are designated TM. The marking uses two numbers separated by a hyphen:

first – viscosity class;
the second is a group for deciphering operational properties from the table below.

Operating group of oils according to GOST

In addition, the gear lubricant has a viscosity classification according to SAE, developed by the American Society of Engineers. There are seven classes in the SAE system:

four winter ones marked W;
three summer ones without markings;
several all-season with double markings.

SAE oil classification

For example, multi-grade gear oil for manual transmissions marked 75W90 simultaneously has the characteristics of a 75W winter gear lubricant and a 90 summer gear lubricant.

Leading gearbox manufacturers General Motors and Ford have additionally developed their own designations for automatic transmission lubricants. The ZF company produces lubricants marked TE-ML 1 and TE-ML 2 for passenger cars and SUVs with manual transmissions.

Despite the fact that GL-5 lubricant has better characteristics compared to GL-4 oil, it is not suitable for manual transmissions with synchronizers for a number of reasons:

there are more sulfur-phosphorus additives here - 6.5% instead of 4%;
synchronizers are made of copper-containing alloys;
in the presence of sulfur, these alloys corrode.

In front-wheel drive cars, the main gear is located inside the gearbox, so the designers had to choose between scuffing the main gears and corrosion of the synchronizers, so in the manuals of cars from French manufacturers, GL-5 oil is poured into the manual transmission, while others consider the best option to be all GL-4.

Frequency of lubricant replacement

Unlike the engine, the gearbox is located in a hard-to-reach place on the car, so daily monitoring of the level and color of the lubricant is impossible - no one will remove the wheel before every trip, so information on whether the oil needs to be changed should be based on the following factors:

for manual transmissions, an operating interval of 7 years or a mileage of 100,000 km is accepted (depending on what comes first);
for the urban cycle it is recommended to reduce these figures by 30%;
the specified regulation - 70,000 km or 6.5 years of operation - is valid only for synthetic oil with a maximum service life;
when using semi-synthetics, you should change the oil in the manual transmission more often - after 50,000 km;
Mineral lubricant must be changed every 40,000 km of vehicle mileage.

Example from the Renault Kengo manual

Lubricant level diagnostics

Due to the use of different gears (planetary, cylindrical, bevel), the oil level in the manual transmission is different.

Transmission manufacturers have made it easier for users to check the oil level:

either a dipstick is built into the filler plug, or the neck is located at the level of the oil mirror;
the drain plug is equipped with a magnet that collects metal shavings;
the bottom of the crankcase has a slope towards the drain hole, but the car must be horizontal, and the lubricant flows through the funnel.

Oil level in manual transmission VAZ 2110

Having decided which oil to pour based on viscosity and operating temperature, you can change the lubricant in the garage yourself. The operating manual indicates the amount of oil. The algorithm for checking the lubricant level in the gearbox is extremely simple:

the engine must be warmed up and then cooled down within 3 hours after the trip;
install the machine horizontally;
clean the gearbox housing near the filler plug and unscrew it with a wrench.

The norm is the level along the lower edge of the filler hole; in all other cases, the user pours it in until the lubricant begins to pour back out.

Changing the oil in a manual transmission

After a run of 30 – 70 thousand kilometers, when the oil should be changed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, you need to buy lubricant in the required quantity and stock up on a container for draining the waste. The main nuances are:

The oil in a manual transmission should be changed on a warm engine in order to increase the rate of fuel flow out of the drain neck;
the best oil, diluted with some amount of lubricant remaining inside the crankcase, will last significantly less because it will lose its declared characteristics;
to access the drain hole, the front wheel on the driver's side is usually removed and the car is hung on a jack;
Knowing approximately how much oil the manufacturers poured, you can avoid overfilling.

By replacing the used working medium with good oil, gear shifting will improve and extraneous noise will disappear.

When do you need to add oil?

The car's operating instructions indicate how often to change the oil depending on its composition. However, when repairing some components and assemblies related to the vehicle’s transmission, it is necessary to remove the gearbox.

The manuals of most manufacturers indicate draining the oil when dismantling the gearbox, so after refilling the lubricant after installing the box in place, you may need to add some amount of gear lubricant.

The oil change period varies depending on factors:

driving style - if the gears are engaged incorrectly, the mechanical wear of the gears and the amount of chips in the crankcase increases, respectively;
driving cycle - urban mode is considered the most loaded for all transmission components.

Knowing how to check the oil for color, you should do this periodically, without waiting for the replacement period according to the maintenance regulations. For example, oil with the same marking, but from different manufacturers, will have different service life.

Thus, only transmission oil is poured into manual transmission boxes. This guide will help you select the viscosity for a front-wheel drive car and a domestic “classic”, depending on the temperature range of the operating region.

Source: https://SwapMotor.ru/korobka-peredach/kakoe-maslo-zalivat-v-mehanicheskuyu-korobku-peredach.html

Is it necessary to change the oil in the gearbox?

Car enthusiasts argue about how long the transmission fluid in the gearbox is designed to last. Some believe that its service life is so long that a complete replacement of the car is not required at all, while others insist that such work should be carried out at intervals of 40-60 thousand km.

Both of these versions have the right to exist, therefore, when deciding whether you need to change the oil in the gearbox, you need to focus, first of all, on driving conditions and diagnostic results.

Arguments for the need for replacement

Diagnostics of the oil level and filter condition will tell you when to change the oil in the box. It is carried out on average once every three months.

It is this frequency that allows you to add fluid in time if it has been used up, and replace the filter if it is dirty, and therefore avoid serious expenses if all the deadlines are missed and the box fails.

In parallel with measuring the level, the properties of the transmission fluid are also checked. Perhaps you should already think about how to change the oil in the box.

It’s quite simple to do this yourself: you need to drop a little transmission fluid onto a clean paper napkin and carefully inspect it. If you notice a change in color and viscosity, the presence of foreign particles such as iron filings, or a burning smell, it means that the transmission oil needs to be replaced.

The fact is that when driving, especially in a big city, when the car often gets stuck in traffic jams and is forced to move jerkily, or the owner prefers an aggressive driving style with sharp stops and quick starts, serious temperature changes occur in the transmission, due to which the composition changes its properties and evaporates. And when the lubricating qualities of the liquid are lost, rapid wear of the mechanism parts occurs. This can be indicated by extraneous noises that arise when shifting gears, as well as difficulty in moving the levers. It is the appearance of these signs that will tell you better than others whether the oil in a manual transmission needs to be changed.

Of course, many manufacturers claim that their models do not require an oil change in the manual transmission, but it is better to determine whether this is really the case based on diagnostic results.

But how often to change the oil in the box depends on the owner himself. If you purchased a new car and plan to drive it very carefully, you may not need a replacement. But when buying a used vehicle, it is better to immediately budget for this additional expense item.

Selecting oils to replace

To do this, you need to focus, first of all, on the type of gearbox. Automatic ones most often use fluids labeled ATF, which not only lubricates the parts, but also contributes to their smooth operation. For manual transmissions, oils marked with the MTF mark are suitable; they can reduce loads and remove excess heat, protecting parts from corrosive particles.

The frequency of oil changes in manual transmissions is lower than in automatic transmissions; it can be done approximately every 75 thousand kilometers.

Despite the fact that temperature changes in such boxes are relatively small, the danger of metal particles from parts getting into the liquid does not disappear, which means it will need to be replaced in any case.

Know how many liters of oil in the box are needed to determine what volume will be needed for a complete or partial replacement. And if when topping up you can focus on the marks on the dipstick, then for a complete replacement you will need to take not only the full volume, but also several liters from above to flush the mechanism from particles of old fluid.

Carrying out work to replace transmission fluid

The oil in a manual transmission is changed after the engine has warmed up and the car is installed over a pit or on a lift.

It is necessary to unscrew and clean the filler cap and drain all available liquid into a previously prepared container.

After this, you can add fresh oil. Thus, you will replace about 40% of the fluid, and by repeating this process after several hundred kilometers you will achieve a more complete replacement. In this case, a lot depends on how much oil is in the box and what percentage of it you want to replace using this method.

When deciding how to fill the gearbox with oil, if the manufacturer has not indicated this option, use standard replacement tips. The only negative in this case is the possibility of losing the warranty. But at the same time, the need to keep the box in working condition may be much more valuable, because replacing it due to wear of parts will require much more effort.

Complete replacement

In order to completely change the oil in the box, it is necessary not only to drain the existing composition, but also to disassemble it, rinsing all parts with kerosene and draining the oil that remains after a partial change.

This procedure must be combined with replacing the filter, this will help avoid the risk of breakdown after a couple of thousand kilometers.

In this case, the volume of newly filled liquid will exceed the capacity of the box, since part of the oil will be used for washing the parts.

It is recommended to carry out a complete oil change in the box in specialized services, which will help to avoid mistakes when performing the work.

Specialists not only know perfectly well how to pour oil into a gearbox, but also have devices that allow you to completely get rid of the recycled fluid and clean the parts from the oil film.

But if you have sufficient experience in car repair and maintenance, you can do it yourself.

Considering all of the above, we can summarize that it is better to solve the issue of changing the gearbox oil positively, but how often to change the oil in the gearbox depends on the specific car and the timing may vary.

Source: https://prokpp.ru/zamena-masla/nuzhna-li-zamena-masla-v-kpp.html

Changing the oil in a manual gearbox (MT)

Every car enthusiast understands that in order for a manual gearbox (MT) to last longer, periodic oil changes are necessary. In this regard, you need to monitor the oil level in the transmission at every visit to the service station.

At the same time, a situation may arise that requires an emergency oil change. Such situations can be recognized by the following signs.

– after turning on the gearbox there is no movement;

– extraneous noise when operating the manual transmission;

– gear shifting is difficult or difficult to perform;

- muddy and dark waste.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that transmission and engine oil are subject to aging and, as a rule, lose their properties and do not perform the necessary functions.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that when maintaining the transmission oil in proper quality, it contributes to a longer service life of the gearbox. And in order for an oil change in a manual transmission to be effective, it is necessary not only to change it in a timely manner, but also to wash the oil before changing it.

The importance of oil flushing

You must understand that a simple oil change will not remove all contaminants from the gearbox. And washing will allow:

– soften and remove carbon deposits, carbon deposits, and other wear products;

– cleans the oil channels and improves oil circulation;

– completely “wash out” the old oil;

– preserve the oil seals and rubber seals.

Frequency of oil changes in a manual transmission (manual transmission)

Change the oil at least once a year, regardless of mileage and transmission oil level. And it is very important not to forget that in cold weather the oil becomes thicker, so change it just after winter, in the warm season.

Changing the oil in a manual transmission can be partial or complete.

A partial change does not give a complete oil change, but only about 50%. A complete change involves completely replacing the old oil with new oil.

That is, changing the oil in a manual transmission is not much different from changing the oil in an automatic transmission.

Distinctive features are the absence of hardware intervention, all replacement is carried out manually, and the manual transmission does not have filters, so there is no need to change them.

I will present the most common algorithm for changing oil in a manual transmission:

To replace you will need

– container for used oil;

– oil blower.

Before changing, select the oil you will fill. Oil from the manufacturer is better suited.

So let's get started:

We prepare the container for “working off” and the oil supercharger. We warm up the gearbox; to do this, after the trip we immediately park the car on an overpass. We loosen the oil fill plug, install a container for waste, unscrew the drain plug and carefully drain the oil into the container. Clean the plug from any magnetized debris.

Next, screw the plug into place, pour one and a half liters of gasoline or kerosene through the filler hole. Then start the engine and, without load, with the front wheels hanging, wash the gearbox.

Next, drain the flushing, and after the last drops of flushing have flowed out, close the plug, place the oil supercharger fitting in the hole, and pour oil through the oil supercharger to the lower level of the fill hole. That's all the oil in the gearbox has been changed.

OTHER INFORMATION:

Changing the oil in a manual transmission (manual transmission)

Manual transmissions enjoy deserved popularity among a large number of car owners due to their reliability, high maintainability and comparative unpretentiousness , as well as the lower cost of a car with a manual transmission. In addition, they are much less demanding in terms of operating and maintenance conditions. Thus, changing the oil in a manual transmission can be done, on average, half as often as in an automatic transmission.

Of course, this does not mean that a manual transmission does not require any attention from the owner, but the intervals at which the manufacturer recommends changing the oil in the manual transmission and even the quality indicators of the oil used will differ markedly. As a rule, changing the oil in mechanics is recommended by manufacturers after 60-70 thousand kilometers , and the oils themselves are subject to much more lenient requirements than automatic fluids.

This is primarily due to the structural features of the manual transmission and, as a result, the functional differences in the oil used.

Features of the structure of a manual transmission

To put it simply, a manual transmission is a combination of two (on front-wheel drive cars) or three (on rear-wheel drive cars) shafts with blocks of interacting gears.

Each pair of gears provides the necessary change in torque transmitted from the engine to the wheels in a particular situation, and the presence of a differential allows for different angular speeds of the wheels.

The most common are 5-speed gearboxes, but a number of manufacturers offer other options.

Some of the box elements are in a rigid grip, others should slide freely relative to each other.

Therefore, in addition to direct lubricating properties, oil used in a manual transmission is expected to protect against scuffing and wear, reduce friction losses, and also ensure free sliding or a sufficiently tight fit where one or the other is needed. In addition, the oil removes excess heat, maintaining an acceptable temperature regime for the working surfaces.

The thinnest oil film must be sufficiently resistant to stress so as not to allow the parts to come into direct contact “dry”, and at the same time it should not be too dense, excessively viscous, and the oil layer should not be too thick.

As you can see, the functions of gear oil require the presence of opposing physical characteristics in one product.

In practice, in most mass-produced oils used in cars, this is achieved by a balance in the zone of average values for key parameters.

Specific oils with a focus on certain properties are recommended only for a limited number of vehicles with special requirements (for example, racing, trucks or special equipment).

Replacing the oil in a passenger car's manual transmission with a "reinforced" one is usually not advisable unless it is recommended by the car manufacturer. Following the recommendations specified in the technical documentation for the car is, of course, the ideal solution when choosing oil.

Features of Russian and imported oils

For owners of a number of Russian-made cars, the choice of oil can be complicated by the difference in oil classifications in the Russian and Western markets.

Thus, technical documentation often indicates the index of a suitable oil (group and viscosity) in accordance with the classification adopted in our country, enshrined in GOSTs, while imported oils have slightly different markings.

Unfortunately, Russian manufacturers are extremely poorly represented on the modern transmission oil market, and while individual examples of “mineral oil” can still be found, there are no domestic semi-synthetics or synthetics .

But, unlike automatic transmissions, for which mineral oil is practically not used, changing oil in mechanics allows the use of such (although synthetics and semi-synthetics remain more preferable).

As a rule, service center specialists who perform oil changes in manual transmissions are well versed in products suitable for a particular gearbox model. But you can compare existing classification options yourself. Let us immediately make a reservation that an exact comparison in this case is impossible; the correspondence will only be approximate.

Decoding of indices of Russian oils

Russian oil type indices contain a letter code indicating the type of product, in our case it will be TM - “gear oil” and two blocks of numbers, for example, TM-2-18.

The first digit indicates the oil group in accordance with its quality and performance characteristics and scope of application.

In total, there are five groups of mineral gear oils:

Group 1 – mineral oils without additives. As a rule, oils of this type are not used to change the oil in a manual transmission of passenger cars.
Group 2 – oils with anti-wear additives.
Groups 3 and 4 – oils with extreme pressure additives of moderate and high efficiency, respectively.
Group 5 – mineral oils with multifunctional and universal additives.

Oil groups according to GOST can be used to an acceptable extent corresponding to the API classification. In this case, group TM-1 will correspond to group GL-1 and so on for each type.

For most modern passenger cars, group 4 (TM-4, GL-4) is recommended for changing manual transmission oil.

The second number reflects the degree of viscosity of the oil:

Class 9 corresponds to SAE class 75W,
Class 12 – 80 or 85W according to SAE,
18th grade – 90 according to SAE,
34 class – 140 according to SAE.

Changing the oil in a manual transmission should only be done with oil similar to that previously used. Mixing different oils, and, moreover, switching from oil of one group to oil of another, is extremely undesirable.

Changing the oil in a manual transmission on your own is quite possible if you have an inspection hole, the necessary tools and enough time.

But, if you do not know the type of oil actually poured into the box, or the oil was poured of inadequate quality, we recommend that you accompany the work on changing the oil in the mechanics by flushing the system to remove heavy sediment, suspensions and residues of old oil.

In this case, contacting a service center and changing the oil in the manual transmission by professionals will be a more effective and safer option for the transmission.

Our service station has been specializing in working with motor oils for many years.

Trusted market leading suppliers, a full set of documentation confirming the quality of the purchased oil and low prices are an additional bonus to the high professionalism of the station’s employees.

Our qualified technicians will always help you choose the oil that is suitable for your car and will replace it with high quality.

Changing the oil in a robot or variator will avoid premature wear of the gearbox, extend its service life, improve driving comfort and avoid accidents. The main thing is to trust the work to professionals - SPOT service station. See for yourself - call 8 (812) 603-44-80 and sign up for a replacement!

Source: https://zamena-masla-spot.ru/useful/zamena-masla-v-mkpp-mehanicheskoy-korobke-peredach

Transmission oil change period

On the question of how often to change engine oil, everyone has long come to a consensus; all data is written down by manufacturers in the specifications for the car. But the timing of changing the oil in the gearbox is still actively discussed by motorists, moreover, many believe that this is not at all necessary. So should you do this or not? And if so, how often, after what period?

Do I need to change the oil in the gearbox?

Many manufacturers produce automatic boxes, believing that the oil in them is “eternal” and will not lose its properties until the end of the vehicle’s life. However, in addition to the fact that the oil in the box lubricates the parts and prevents increased friction from forming, it also helps remove temperature from the parts.

But if the load on the box is particularly high, then the temperature rises steadily: if on average it stays at one hundred and fifty degrees, then during active driving it heats up to three hundred, and this is already dangerous. In addition, foamed lubricant may simply prevent the car from moving.

The properties of the oil can gradually change and become unusable:

aggressive driving style
constant traffic jams and overheating
frequent movement in low gears through potholes, which leads to the appearance of metal shavings in the oil

Therefore, you definitely need to change the lubricant, but when?

Automatic transmission oil change intervals:

The manufacturer provides for the operation of the automatic transmission after 250 thousand kilometers, after which the “guaranteed” period of operation ends and you need to be ready to repair the transmission after three hundred thousand kilometers. If you don’t want to pay for repairs, it’s better to pay for an oil change at the service center a little early.

If you follow the modes of use of the car - warm it up before the trip, accelerate smoothly and brake smoothly, the period for changing the oil in the automatic transmission will be closer to 150 thousand kilometers.
Violation of the driving regime - aggressive driving reduces the replacement period by at least a quarter (or even more); it is worth changing the oil after 100 thousand kilometers. Otherwise, irreversible deformation of the parts will begin in the box and you will have to fork out for repairs.
If driving is constantly aggressive, low-quality fuel is used, and the car is constantly used for a long time without rest, then 70 thousand kilometers is already an extreme indicator for a trip to the service center.

Transmission oil change interval - manual:

Changing the oil has a particularly strong effect on the quality of movement in a car with a manual transmission; it becomes smoother, and the shocks that previously seemed an inevitable condition for changing gears disappear.

The traditional time for replacement is 7 years (or 100 thousand kilometers), but these are data that indicate European driving style and roads. On Russian roads these figures will have to be reduced by 40 percent, that is, to 60 thousand kilometers.
If the car is budget, synthetic oil is poured into it, then the replacement interval is reduced to 40-50 thousand kilometers.
Rear-wheel drive cars with significant mileage need this lubricant change service every 35 thousand kilometers.

Is it possible to drive without compulsory motor insurance after buying a car?

It is worth noting that in a manual transmission it is quite easy to change it; you can do this using a car pit, even on your own, without the help of service workers. The issue with an automatic transmission is more subtle; the method for changing the oil in an automatic transmission very much depends on the car model.

Should I change the oil in the transfer case?

Also, do not forget about the transfer case, which distributes torque to the drive mechanisms. This is an extremely important element when driving on difficult terrain, when there is a special load on it. Therefore, sooner or later the time for changing the oil in the transfer case will come.

On average, the time to change the oil in it is suitable after 60 thousand kilometers, it all depends on the car model; more modern cars allow you to change the lubricant after 100 thousand kilometers.

As with a gearbox, the service life directly depends on the conditions of use.
SUV drivers should change the oil especially often, especially if they forded a river and the water reached a level above the breather.

To check whether it’s time, just use a syringe to remove a few drops of lubricant from the transfer case.

You can do this yourself: you need to warm up the car for 15 minutes, periodically switching gears so that the oil disperses. Then drive the car into the pit, open the drain plugs and the filler hole. Oil is poured inside using an oil syringe. Or you can do it in the service for a price of 500 rubles.

It should be remembered that when changing gearbox oil, you should use oil of the highest possible class. If the operation of the oil in the engine is noticeable, it is easy to check and replace, but much less attention is paid to the box, often missing the moment when the parts inside begin to wear out from excessive friction.

Source: http://automas.ru/znania/srok-zameny-masla-v-korobke-peredach/