Driving a manual car for beginners
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Driving a car with a manual transmission occurs in compliance with a certain algorithm for switching the handle. Jerks and jerks of the machine break the components of the box.
Car device
Starting driving, familiarize yourself with the theory, learn the principle of operation of manual transmissions.
The transmission (manual transmission) has 2 purposes:
- transmission of torque from the vehicle's power unit to the wheels;
- regulation of thrust volume in various driving conditions.
Driving cars with manual transmissions implies a loss of speed by the vehicle when changing gears (movement occurs inertia). The handle shifts smoothly, without braking the car.
The manual transmission control is located in the cabin - the handle is on the right side of the driver.
A car with a manual starts in first gear, then switches to second, then the driver is guided by the tachometer readings, the sound of the engine or his own feelings and at the appropriate moment switches the gearbox, providing a speed higher than the previous one.
The basis of the transmission operation involves the principle of changing torque in steps. By switching the handle inside the car, the gears begin to move. The steps are characterized by a certain rotation speed.
Driving in a low gear at high speed is fraught with breakdowns of mechanical gearboxes. There are four, five and six speed gearboxes.
Calculation of the dependence of the speed of cars with mechanics and the selected gear is displayed in the table.
| Broadcast | Speed kilometers per hour |
| I | 0-20 |
| II | 20-40 |
| III | 40-60 |
| IV | 60-80 |
| V | above 80 |
Using these parameters you can drive an unloaded vehicle. In reality, the speed decreases depending on related factors. First gear is used when starting off. The second - going downhill and in traffic jams. The third is used around the city, and the rest for country roads.
In neutral gear, the drive torque is not transmitted to the wheels. A running engine with the gear in neutral and the gas pedal pressed leaves the car in a static position.
Purpose and location of pedals:
- Located on the left, the clutch is pressed to the floor (with your left foot), starting the movement of the car and changing gears.
- The pedal in the middle is the brake. Pressed with the right foot.
- The far right pedal, the gas pedal, functions independently of the clutch pedal: the gas is pressed while releasing the clutch pedal.
Advantages of manual transmission:
- small mass;
- convenient repair and maintenance;
- low manufacturing cost;
- there is no cooling system;
- endurance;
- the car can be towed;
- smooth ride;
- democratic fuel consumption;
- a chance to engage in extreme driving;
- in emergency situations, the car will start “from the pusher”;
Disadvantages of manual transmission:
- chance to overload the engine and gearbox;
- it is impossible to gradually change gear ratios;
- difficult to select a gear;
- lower comfort (than automatic transmission);
- Tiring driving in city traffic.
The manual transmission ensures adequate engine operation under different driving conditions. The speed is adjusted manually by switching steps.
Be sure to watch the video: how to properly start with a manual transmission:
Driving position in a car
“Dummies” try to get into the car in strange ways: they sit in the car with their backs and begin to turn around in the seat, taking a comfortable position in order to drive the car. Approach the car, from the driver's side, open the vehicle door with your left hand and point your right foot towards the gas pedal, sit down, close the door tightly.
Adjust the driver's seat, consider:
- The back of the driver's seat is positioned with a slight inclination (the angle of inclination is close to 90 degrees).
- The back fits tightly against the back of the seat.
- My legs don't reach the steering wheel.
- The driver observes the space behind and to the left of the car in the rear-view mirrors.
Adjust the driver's seat using the mechanisms on the seat. The legs reach the pedals freely and are bent at the knees. It is strictly prohibited to adjust the seat while the vehicle is moving.
An incorrectly positioned seat causes tension in the driver's spine and elbow joints, plus a decrease in concentration.
The adjustment of the driver's seat is carried out correctly: leaning against the back of the seat and shifting a gear distant from the driver, the driver does not feel discomfort.
Start driving
Driving a car with a manual transmission begins with mastering the layout of the gears. In order to switch automatically while the vehicle is moving, do not look closely at the shift lever. They go through the initial stage of training with the engine turned off, it’s safer.
Remembering the location of the gears is worth sequentially switching the gearbox lever to different positions. The gear layout is marked on the lever. There is no diagram - consult with the drivers, let them tell you the location of each gear. The middle position (the lever moves freely) is neutral.
Having learned how to shift the gearbox, proceed to the next stage: combine changing gears with pressing the clutch and gas pedals.
Place the gearbox handle in the neutral position, having previously depressed the clutch, start the engine and warm it up to operating temperature. If the ambient temperature is below zero: while warming up the engine, press the clutch pedal. This will speed up the heating of the oil in the box.
Start the car with the gear off so that the car does not start moving uncontrollably. When starting to drive, slowly release the clutch pedal and simultaneously press the gas pedal. To prevent the car from stalling, the engine needs to rev up.
Increase them by pressing the gas (lightly), so as not to provoke a sharp start. Do not press the clutch pedal for more than 2 seconds while changing gears.
Learn to shift gears using the tachometer or listen to the powertrain. If the engine speed is low and the car does not pick up the desired speed, then switch to neutral, then switch to a lower gear.
If the engine speed is very high, engage a higher gear.
The tachometer readings will help you focus on engine speed. To learn how to drive backwards, master reverse speed control.
You can turn it on by stopping the car. If the lever is shifted incorrectly, the gear will jump out. At reverse speed, the transmission picks up speed very quickly. Therefore, driving it for a long time is dangerous.
We recommend watching a video about braking with a manual transmission:
Braking in different situations
When stopping on a dry surface, do not shift the car from high to low gears, reduce the speed in this gear. Driving in rainy weather and when there is ice is dangerous: the road surface becomes slippery. Therefore, when braking a car, you need to switch to a lower gear to slow down. This will allow you to control the angle of possible skidding of the car.
Would you like to learn how to brake on a slippery road? : Follow the instructions:
- slow down;
- release the clutch;
- switch to a lower gear;
- Depress the clutch again.
The sequence of these actions leads to “engine braking” and allows you to avoid blocking the wheels of the car.
Has your car skidded in the snow? - use the method of “rocking” the vehicle. To do this, move forward at first speed, then engage reverse gear and move backward.
Technique for stopping a car on a sloped road. Put the car on the handbrake and engage neutral gear, releasing the handbrake, shift to first gear, squeeze the clutch and move away, releasing the clutch and at the same time smoothly pressing the gas.
There will be a moment when the car stops moving back, in this position you can keep the car on an incline or hill without using the brake.
To leave the vehicle in the parking lot, stop the engine, press the clutch pedal and engage first gear. This helps prevent the car from rolling away. You can use the hand brake.
When you return to the car, be sure to switch the transmission lever to neutral.
For sharp braking on dry roads, use the following scheme:
- release the gas pedal;
- press the clutch pedal;
- press the brake to stop the car;
- switch to neutral gear and release the pedals;
- put the car on the handbrake.
Downshift braking stops the car faster than using the brake pedal alone. To use this technique, use the following diagram:
- Depress the clutch pedal and shift to third gear;
- put your right foot on the brake pedal;
- begin to smoothly remove your foot from the clutch pedal;
- before the car comes to a complete stop, depress the clutch pedal again;
- Do not use first speed as a lower gear.
General recommendations
Driving a car with a manual transmission is a labor-intensive process, more difficult than driving with an automatic transmission. Having acquired certain skills and experience, the driver has mastered the principle of operation of manual gearboxes, he feels the car, he understands the connection between speeds and the gearbox.
Useful tips:
- You cannot drive in neutral gear; when the car rolls down a slope, the wheels may lock and you may lose control of the steering. It is unsafe to drive on a slippery road.
- When approaching a traffic light, apply the engine brakes, then shift into a lower gear.
- When driving the car, do not frequently depress the clutch - this will damage the release bearing; use the neutral position of the gearbox lever.
- In winter, do not leave the car on the handbrake: the brake pads will freeze and the car will not move.
- When driving over a speed bump, reduce your speed away from it, and sharply release the brake just before the obstacle.
- When driving the vehicle at a stable speed, do not keep your left foot over the clutch pedal. This leads to muscle strain and involuntary pressing of the clutch, which can lead to its breakdown.
- The engine operation is unstable: press the clutch and wait until the engine starts working correctly.
- Press the clutch to the floor before changing gear.
- Knowing that you will need to park your car on a slope, take a brick on the road, place it under the car’s wheel and the car will not roll down.
- Before engaging reverse gear, stop the vehicle.
- Novice drivers rely on the tachometer when changing gears. You need to drive a car taking into account possible engine damage due to high engine speeds.
- The car has stalled, you don’t need to start it right away. Wait a minute to prevent the starter from overheating and draining the battery.
You have received your license, but you are not confident in driving correctly, choose roads that are not congested with cars and practice driving. You will get used to the car and feel confident.
Driving a manual car requires the patience and strength of a novice driver. Confused on the road and nervous, pull the car to the side of the road, turn on the emergency lights, calm down and continue driving.
A novice driver needs to ignore the boorish attitude of other drivers (ridiculing and cutting off cars marked with a student sign).
By getting into debates with boors while driving, you risk becoming involved in an accident; after the accident, you will have to repair the body of your own car. A novice driver driving a car needs:
- Be collected (no panic);
- Be polite towards other road users;
- Listen to the operation of the engine;
- Take a closer look at the tachometer;
- Look in the mirrors.
Time will pass and the beginner will learn to use the manual transmission correctly. Proper driving allows you to save fuel, plus it gives you a chance to feel the power of the engine.
Source: http://pro-zamenu.ru/transmissiya/vozhdenie-avtomobilya-mehanicheskoy-korobkoy.html
How to drive a manual car correctly
Very often, novice drivers find themselves in ridiculous and difficult situations due to the fact that they do not know how to drive a manual car correctly.
Probably everyone has repeatedly observed a picture in which a car cannot start moving for a long time, and the cars standing behind it, not being able to pass an obstacle, honk and flash their headlights, which further confuses the inexperienced driver. In fact, learning to drive a car with a manual transmission is not difficult at all.
How to properly start with a manual transmission
For training, it is best to choose a flat area without slopes, which will avoid arbitrary rollback. You can simplify the task by using the parking brake.
The handbrake must be tightened before starting the engine.
This will keep the car in place if the driver has not switched off the gear, and will also eliminate uncontrolled rollback when trying to drive uphill.
The feet on the clutch and gas pedals should work in antiphase - when the clutch is depressed, the gas should be released, and vice versa, when the clutch is smoothly released, you need to gradually add force to the accelerator pedal.
Before you start moving, it is important to check whether the gear is engaged or not by moving the gearshift lever. Next, you need to fully depress the clutch pedal.
This will be an additional guarantee that the car will not start after the ignition is turned on (for example, all Toyota cars will not start until the clutch is depressed). In addition, in the winter season it will be easier for the starter to start the engine.
After the engine starts working, you need to engage the gear, release the handbrake and start driving. To prevent the car from suddenly jerking away and stalling, the driver must perform all actions smoothly and calmly.
It is necessary to release the clutch pedal until the engine speed begins to drop and the car vibrates easily. At this time, you need to smoothly press the gas pedal while continuing to release the clutch.
It can be quite difficult for novice drivers to feel the moment when they start moving. In this case, repeated training can help. It is necessary to remember the sequence of actions: the car is parked with the engine turned on, the clutch is fully depressed, the gear is engaged, the driver begins to smoothly release the clutch until the speed begins to decrease.
As soon as this happens, you should press the clutch again. This training must be repeated until the driver can perfectly determine the moment of departure. It will also be useful to train on the same principle only in the “start-stop” mode.
It will be possible to say that the skill has been fully mastered after the driver makes 10 confident starts out of 10.
Source: http://ktonaavto.ru/avto-faq/prava-i-vozhdenie/kak-pravilno-ezdit-na-mehanike.html
How to properly drive a manual transmission
Learning to drive a car competently is not an easy task. Learning the rules of the road, learning how to turn the steering wheel and change gears is only half the battle.
A real driver is a person who feels his car as part of his body; he is the one who controls using reflexes.
Of course, it is impossible to achieve mastery without knowledge of the structure of your car and, of course, control theory.
In this article we will talk about one of the main components of your car - the gearbox.
Depending on the design, gearboxes are divided into two main types: automatic and mechanical, all of them perform one function - transferring energy from the engine to the wheels.
We will look at the most popular type of gearbox in Russia and the most difficult to operate - a manual gearbox (MT).
There are several types of manual transmission
- A traditional manual transmission is the most common type of gearbox, and it will be discussed in the article.
- Manual transmission of sequential type - differs from the previous one in that it is impossible to step over one gear (only sequentially).
Manual transmission control
The manual transmission is controlled using the clutch, as well as the gear shift lever. Each gear corresponds to a specific lever position. A novice driver needs to remember the correspondence between gears and lever positions.
You need to learn how to change gears without being distracted from the road and without thinking about which gear is currently engaged.
Start the car, but first make sure that your gear shift lever is in neutral.
Press the clutch all the way to the floor and move the lever to the first gear position. Then, lightly pressing the accelerator pedal, quickly but not abruptly release the clutch, holding it for a few seconds in the middle of the pedal stroke.
If you followed the instructions exactly, your car will drive smoothly, without shaking and without engine roar.
Having developed the speed necessary to change gear, depress the clutch again, change gear, and then release the clutch. Having engaged the gear, simultaneously release the clutch and gently press the accelerator. You should change gears one by one (from first to second, and so on).
When reducing speed, you should shift in accordance with the speed limit. The operating interval for most manual transmissions is as follows: first gear from 0 to 20 km/h; the second from 20 to 40 km/h; third from 40 to 60 km/h; fourth from 60 to 80 km/h; fifth from 80 to 150-200 km/h.
How can you choose the speed and engine speed at which the required gear will be engaged?
Let's give an example: in first gear you can accelerate the car to 30 km/h, and when you switch to second gear, you should do so at a speed of 10 km/h to 30 km/h. For example, at 18 km/h, you can smoothly shift into second gear without your car jerking.
Also, when operating a car with a manual transmission, remember: the lower the gear, the more powerful it is, but the lower its maximum and minimum permissible speeds. That is why, when moving from a standstill and climbing to a hill, you should engage 1st or 2nd gear.
Therefore, 3rd, 4th, 5th should be used when traveling at higher speeds, when exiting a slope.
Proper gear shifting will make your ride pleasant, free of unpleasant jerking and deafening engine roar at high speeds.
The main thing to remember is that you should never engage reverse gear while moving forward. This will certainly lead to an accident or failure of the manual transmission. To prevent this, most modern cars have reverse gear lockers installed.
Advantages of manual transmission
Driving a car with a manual transmission is much more difficult than with an automatic transmission, however, manual transmission has many advantages:
- First of all, you can control the driving style (from “economy” to sports style).
- You can start with an irritated battery (by pushing the car), you can reduce the speed without using the brakes, i.e. engine brake.
- When starting from a standstill, the manual transmission is noticeably ahead of the automatic transmission. In any weather conditions, manual transmission provides much more opportunities to control the car on the road.
Let's look at the listed advantages of a manual transmission in more detail:
Engine braking
The main rule of a car owner: any action must correspond to the road situation.
This applies, first of all, to engine braking; it should only be done in specific driving situations. In what cases engine braking should be used is a subject of constant debate among car owners, however, there is a situation when it is necessary.
Engine braking will definitely come in handy when the car's brakes fail (due to a problem or wet brake pads), in which case its use becomes a matter of life and death! In order for your car to stop accelerating and start decelerating, you need to release the accelerator pedal, leaving the gear engaged - this is engine braking, in its safest form.
Manual transmission problems
A dangerous method is used when the speed is too high and you need to urgently reduce it. In this case, you will have to gradually change gears, from higher to lower.
The speed will decrease most quickly when first gear is engaged. However, do not try to shift from fifth gear directly to first or second gear. In this case, you will most likely skid and have an accident.
At best, the gearbox will fail.
Beginner drivers should remember that using engine braking is not only dangerous, but can also contribute to increased wear of manual transmission parts and even lead to their breakdown.
Economical driving style
The second most important advantage of a manual transmission (after engine braking) is the ability to significantly reduce your fuel consumption. To do this, you need to adhere to an economical driving style, here are its basic rules:
- The main fuel consumption occurs when your car accelerates, when it picks up speed. It follows from this that in a populated area you should not accelerate faster than 60 km/h, because after a couple of minutes you must slow down in front of a pedestrian crossing. Develop the habit of “rolling up” to your stop with the speed turned off. This will also reduce fuel consumption. Try to avoid “over-throttle” while changing gears (this will save you money and also help preserve the manual transmission).
- You cannot hold a car parked on a hill with the clutch and brake depressed, this increases gasoline consumption and wears out the clutch; develop the habit of moving the lever to the neutral position during stops.
- Proper operation with manual transmission in an economical style. It is worth changing manual transmission gears in advance, without bringing the tachometer needle to 3000 rpm; it is best to switch to 2500 rpm. Prolonged driving at high speeds leads to excessive consumption of gasoline. Savings can be up to 40 percent on gasoline!
- Driving in multi-kilometer traffic jams is the main reason for excessive fuel consumption. There is no method to minimize consumption while stuck in a traffic jam. Therefore, you should definitely think through your route, trying to avoid traffic jams. A car navigator with a route planning function will help you with this.
Follow these simple rules and you can reduce your fuel consumption by up to 50 percent!
What to do in case of breakdown?
Of course, changing your driving style will only help you achieve savings on a fully functional car. Any breakdown will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of your car, and as a result, to an increase in fuel consumption.
Often, novice car enthusiasts do not even know about such a thing as shifting gears with double clutch release when working with a manual transmission. This method was used in those days when synchronizers (a small device that equalizes the speed of gears and prevents them from locking) had not yet been invented.
Before the invention of synchronizers, drivers had to perform the double-squeeze procedure several dozen times per trip.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAkN_mUw42g
With regard to manual transmissions, one of the most common breakdowns is the failure of synchronizers. If such a problem happens to you, do not rush to call a tow truck. If the gears do not shift or are crunchy when shifting, you can get to the garage yourself by double-depressing the clutch or shifting the gears.
Double Squeeze Method
You need to increase the speed, then release the clutch, releasing the accelerator. Then move the lever to neutral and release the clutch. A short pause, and again squeeze the clutch, after which you switch to increased speed.
"Regas" method
Reduce the speed to optimal (depending on what speed you want to switch to). Depress the clutch pedal all the way, then move the lever to neutral and release the clutch. Add speed while waiting for synchronization.
Fully depress the clutch pedal and shift to a lower gear. The most difficult thing is to maintain the necessary pause in “neutral”.
It is very difficult to choose the desired duration of exposure and the level of revolutions on the tachometer, keep practicing until you succeed.
Car clutch system
It is not for nothing that a manual gearbox enjoys the respect of domestic car enthusiasts. It is simple and reliable like a titanium ball, and thanks to this, it is cheap to maintain. Its only drawback is the low level of driving comfort, which is fully compensated by the increased level of control over the car.
Source: http://autoleek.ru/korobka-peredach/mkpp/kak-upravlyat-mkpp.html
How to properly start with a manual transmission? Step-by-step instruction :
The car is the most popular means of transportation in modern life. However, driving modern cars requires certain skills that are acquired in driving courses (how to properly start with a manual transmission, for example). Experienced expert teachers will teach you the wisdom of the mystery of taming the steel horse.
Automatic transmission is easy
Taking into account current trends in the global automotive industry, more and more cars that come to our market are equipped with an automatic transmission. This technical device greatly simplifies the entire process - from learning to driving.
The driver does not need to master complex combinations of switching levers and pedals, as is the case with a manual transmission.
He can fully focus his attention on more important aspects of learning: the situation on the road, reading traffic signs, etc.
Therefore, a fairly large percentage of modern consumers buy a car with an automatic transmission, so as not to learn how to drive a manual one.
Automatic transmission is not cheap
But here you need to take into account several financially unpleasant nuances. Firstly, the initial cost of such a car is significantly higher compared to exactly the same one, but equipped with a manual transmission.
Moreover, the level of comfort of such a car may differ only in this regard. Secondly, the fact that your car has an automatic transmission will significantly affect fuel consumption.
And no matter how much the car dealership convinces you otherwise, citing modern fuel systems, you will still visit gas stations much more often than owners of similar manual cars.
Therefore, if you want to save on the initial price that you have to pay at the dealership, and not incur additional fuel costs during operation, it is better to choose a car with a manual transmission. Moreover, it is not so difficult to understand how to quickly move off with a manual transmission.
“Mechanics” are afraid – don’t sit behind the wheel
Many people are afraid of the possible difficulty of driving such a car. Let’s try to consider and dispel the main fears associated with “mechanics”.
The most difficult process associated with mastering a manual transmission lies in the moment of movement. “How to learn to start with a manual transmission?” – future drivers think in panic and choose a car with an automatic transmission.
It is indeed quite difficult for beginners to learn to control their arms and legs at the same time. Namely, these movements are needed to start moving. Don’t forget about the road situation; it also needs to be controlled by simultaneously pressing the pedals and switching the gearbox selector.
Step one: remember the clutch
So, how to learn to start using a manual transmission? Let's start by starting the engine. Before turning on the ignition, it is extremely important to ensure that the gear shift knob is in neutral. To do this, you need to press the leftmost pedal, called the clutch, all the way. After this, with your right hand, move the slide to neutral.
Never try to “put it in neutral” with the clutch not disengaged. This can seriously damage the transmission. Your left foot should almost always be ready to press this pedal. This is the essence of manual transmission control.
Step two: turn on the gear
You have started the engine and are now ready to start driving. The combination you do next is quite simple. Your left foot presses the clutch pedal all the way, while you engage first gear with your right hand.
It is advisable that at this moment your left hand controls the steering wheel of your car. So, you have engaged the first gear. Let us remember that the switching circuit is usually located on the shift lever. To learn how to properly start with a manual transmission, it’s a good idea to practice shifting gears without the engine running, making this action automatic.
Step three: release the clutch and start accelerating
The gear is engaged, the left foot has released the clutch. The next action is to gradually release the clutch pedal. When the pedal is pressed slowly and smoothly, the car begins to move slowly. At this moment you get the answer to the question of how to move off smoothly with a manual transmission.
It all depends on the settings of the clutch mechanism of a particular car. As a rule, the clutch “picks up” at the very beginning or in the middle of the pedal stroke.
When the car starts moving, you need to start pressing the gas pedal with your right foot. Just starting is not an accidental mistake. Unlike the clutch and brake pedals, the gas pedal is quite sensitive, and pressing it suddenly can cause the engine to stop. Therefore, with your right foot you need to gradually increase the engine speed, and with your left foot you need to depress the clutch pedal more and more.
Under no circumstances should you suddenly release the clutch pedal when starting to move. This can also lead to unplanned engine stops or unpleasant jerking. It is these jerks that, as a rule, cause concern among beginners who do not know how to properly start with a manual transmission.
The coordinated work of both legs when pressing the gas and clutch pedals is the key to smooth movement from a standstill. After switching the gearbox selector, your hands should be on the steering wheel, and your attention should be focused on the front view or mirrors.
How to stop?
When you master how to properly start with a manual transmission, remember about braking. In this case, the clutch and brake pedals are used. In order to stop the car, it must be removed from the current gear.
This is achieved by pressing the clutch pedal and moving the gear selector to the neutral position with your right hand. Then you should press the brake pedal.
If there is a need for emergency braking, it can be done by simultaneously pressing the clutch and brake pedals.
Source: https://www.syl.ru/article/153429/new_kak-pravilno-trogatsya-na-mehanike-poshagovaya-instruktsiya
How to correctly change gears on a manual transmission while driving
Greetings to my blog readers! Do you remember your first trips behind the wheel of a car? Maybe my father was sitting next to me, or maybe it was a driving school instructor. One of the biggest challenges a new driver has to face is shifting gears.
After all, at this time you still need to not lose contact with the road and the environment. Getting the car moving becomes a difficult task for many.
How to correctly change gears on a manual transmission while driving is what I want to talk to you about on the pages of today’s review.
About mechanics and automatic machines
Despite the fact that automatic transmissions have ceased to be a curiosity for our fellow citizens, traditional mechanics are still popular and widespread. To avoid having to spend money on a new gearbox, it is important to understand the basic rules and techniques for smooth gear shifting.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvg6FLlGY7E
The mechanics are designed to smoothly and evenly distribute the torque produced by the engine. A manual transmission, which is commonly called a manual transmission, usually includes from 4 to 6 different gears, but most often on modern cars there are 5.
This does not count the reverse speed, which is also called reverse. It is the clutch that is the connecting element between the engine and the gearbox. In engagement with the crankshaft, which constantly rotates, is the gearbox input shaft.
It is the clutch that allows these units to be separated and connected again without jerking.
Speed ranges
Let's start in order. The very first rule that you must remember: when changing to another gear, be sure to depress the clutch first. The pedal is released after the desired speed has been reached. Beginners find it difficult to navigate, and during switching they lose control of the vehicle.
In order to change gears on time and make the vehicle move more dynamically and economically, a scale of the so-called speed range was developed. So there is the following gradation, which tells us when and at what speed we move the gearshift lever to the next position.
The photo shows the values for the most intense overclocking. For measured driving, the values are given below (these are approximate values, specific numbers depend on the transmission ratio of your car):
- 1st gear, driving mode from 0 to 20 km/h;
- 2nd, 20–40 km/h;
- 3rd, 40–60 km/h;
- 4th, 60–80 km/h;
- 5th, over 80 km/h.
However, the specified speed limits apply to vehicles without transported cargo and when driving on roads with normal pavement. If you are driving off-road or the car is additionally loaded, then you need to change gears a little later, giving the car the opportunity to accelerate well. This is especially true for situations when you have to climb a steep slope.
There are other recommendations that allow you to understand what a particular gear in a manual transmission is intended for. We need the first to get the car moving, the second to accelerate, and the third to overtake. The fourth and fifth are used respectively for traveling on city roads and country highways.
Beginning drivers make the same typical mistakes. They can't tell by ear that it's time to change gear. Because of this, the engine operates at too high speeds, the car loses speed, and control of movement is lost. Often, beginners cannot get going because they release the clutch pedal too sharply.
As a result, the car jerks and stalls. This leads to accelerated wear of some transmission and clutch components. Beginners are often late in turning on second speed. They start the car from a stop, and then accelerate it, forcing the engine to roar annoyingly.
At the same time, you can quickly switch from 1st gear to 2nd almost immediately after starting off.
Experienced instructors always teach beginners to take their foot off the clutch pedal immediately after the pedal is released. Firstly, in this case the clutch wears out faster. Secondly, the leg gets much more tired.
At the same time, placing the foot on the floor gives the driver an additional point of support and does not put as much strain on the spine.
Beginners often suffer from the fact that when changing driving modes, the left hand involuntarily turns the steering wheel, especially if it is in the wrong part of it.
How to shift and listen to the engine
So, how to change gears correctly. The execution algorithm is reduced to the following steps. It is only important to correctly understand and remember their sequence:
- With a sharp movement of your foot, depress the clutch pedal all the way. At the same time we release the gas.
- We quickly and smoothly move the lever of our manual transmission to the required position, always through the neutral position.
- Smoothly remove your foot from the clutch pedal and, on the contrary, increase the gas to compensate for the loss of vehicle speed.
- We add more gas and increase the speed.
It is important to be able to listen to your transmission and engine speed. At first, the tachometer with its readings will come to the rescue. For gasoline engines, normal speeds are around 2000–3000 rpm.
If this value is greater, then it’s time to turn on the next speed. For diesel power units the same figure is slightly lower - about 1500–2500 rpm.
Over time, you will acquire the skill to determine this moment by ear.
To learn how to turn on the required speeds in a timely manner, friends, it takes practice and more practice. I hope that the recommendations given here from experienced motorists will also help you. Read my blog in the coming days - new useful and interesting materials will be published. I say goodbye for today!
Sincerely, blog author Andrey Kulpanov
Source: http://avto-kul.ru/ekspluatatsiya-avtomobilya/kak-pravilno-pereklyuchat-peredachi-na-mehanike.html
How to start a car manually
In this article we will teach you how to properly start a manual car (with a manual transmission).
Most driving schools teach you to start using only the clutch, which is not sufficient in city conditions.
In this case, it is necessary to set the car in motion quickly so that no one pushes you from behind, does not honk with headlights, they say, let's go faster. To do this, in addition to the clutch, you also need to move off using the gas.
If you move from a standstill using only one clutch, then the car will move in this case, but only on a flat road where there are no holes, ledges or other obstacles.
Now we will look in detail at the entire process of starting the engine and setting the car in motion.
- First, move the speed switch to the neutral position. This is done to ensure that your vehicle's engine is disconnected from the transmission.
- This can also be achieved in another way - by squeezing the clutch pedal (the one on the left side). In any case, to avoid a situation where the vehicle rolls down, you must keep the brake pedal depressed or use the parking brake (handbrake).
- Next, the key is inserted into the ignition switch and turned in the direction of the clock hand. The lights, indicators and lights on the instrument panel immediately light up (this means the ignition is turned on). The key should be turned all the way until the starter starts.
- When starting the engine, you can release the key, which will then turn to the ignition position.
- If you have a modern car with a start button, then in this case the ignition key is turned, the ignition system turns on, then you can press the start button and the system automatically turns on the engine.
- Then we switch to first gear, put our foot on the brake pedal, release the handbrake, add 1500 revolutions (press the gas pedal), slightly release the clutch until the moment of contraction (until the moment when the vehicle begins to move forward).
- If the car starts moving, the foot on the clutch pedal freezes and does not rise further. It is better to do such manipulations several times to feel the moment of clutch engagement. The car is standing in one place, you lift your foot from the clutch, the car starts to move, your foot freezes until the car moves a couple of meters. Then the clutch can be released further.
We carried out all these manipulations on a Ford Fusion with a manual transmission. First, we placed our vehicle in neutral and the parking brake.
Next, we depressed the clutch, turned the key in the lock (the ignition system turned on), put our foot on the brake pedal (so that the car wouldn’t accidentally roll back), took the car off the handbrake, set first gear, released the brake, added 1500 rpm (by pressing the gas) and released the clutch until the clutch engages.
The car started moving, the foot on the clutch froze. After driving the vehicle 3-4 meters, we further released the clutch. We continued to press the gas to maintain the initially set 1500 rpm.
Read also: How to start and drive a car with an automatic transmission
In conclusion, it should be noted that you do not need to hold the clutch for a long time when gripping it, otherwise the clutch disc will be completely adjacent to the clutch mechanism and will spin, creating additional load on the mechanism itself.
Also, do not give too high speeds (4000-5000 revolutions), which is also a mistake. In this case, when the engine is at its limit and the clutch is in the half-clutch position (clutch engagement), the smell of a burnt clutch may appear in the car interior, which must then be replaced. And this pleasure is not cheap.
Source: http://autovogdenie.ru/kak-zavodit-mashinu-na-mexanike.html
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